Chapter 33: Basic Form and Function of the Animal Body

helps organisms maintain a steady state or internal balance regardless of their external environment

includes things like body temp, blood pH, and blood glucose levels

homeostasis

What does it mean that organisms are “open systems”?

They are constantly exchanging materials with the envrionment

What are 4 factors that are important to the homeostatic process?

1) energy requirements

2) Physical adaptations

3)Behavior

4)Physiology

the overall flow and transformation of energy in an animal

determines how much food an animal needs and it relates to an animal’s size, activity, and envrironment

bioenergetics

average amount of energy used by an organism in a non-active state

basal metabolic rate

Which animal would have a much higher BMR relative to its body weight (NOT which one requires more energy)? A mouse or elephant?

mouse

a physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases

enables animals to save energy while avoiding difficult and dangerous conditions

torpor

a long-term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity

hibernation

summer torper, or ______ enables animals to survive long periods of high temperatures and scarce water

estivation

Daily torpor is exhibited by many small mammals and birds during the part of the day that is the ______

coldest

For a given variable, fluctuations above or below a set point serve as a stimulus, they are detected and trigger a response

the body’s response is to return the variable back to the set point

negative feedback loop

amplifies a stimulus and does not usually contribute to homeostasis (i.e. sweat and fever)

positive feedback loop

Homeostasis in animals relies largely on ____ feedback, which helps to return a variable to a normal range

negative feedback loops