Sequence of Tenses (Sự Phối Hợp Thì)

công thức

WHEN (diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp trong quá khứ)

WHEN + S + V (past simple), S + V (past simple). Example: When students heard the bell, they stood up and left.

WHEN (diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp trong tương lai)

WHEN + S + V (present simple), S + V (future simple). Example: When I see him, I will give him your regards.

WHEN (diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào - quá khứ)

WHEN + S + V (past continuous), S + V (past simple) or WHEN + S + V (past simple), S + V (past continuous). Example: When she was having a bath, she saw a mouse. When I came, she was cleaning the door.

WHEN (diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào - tương lai)

WHEN + S + V (present simple), S + V (future continuous). Example: When you come tomorrow, they will be playing tennis.

WHEN (diễn tả hành động xảy ra xong rồi mới tới hành động khác - quá khứ)

WHEN + S + V (past simple), S + V (past perfect). Example: Last night, when we arrived at the theater, they had sold out all the tickets.

WHEN (diễn tả hành động xảy ra xong rồi mới tới hành động khác - tương lai)

WHEN + S + V (present simple), S + V (future perfect). Example: When you come back, I will have typed this email.

BY + TIME (trạng từ quá khứ)

S + had + VP2. Example: I had worked for the company for 30 years by the end of last month.

BY + TIME (trạng từ tương lai)

S + WILL + HAVE + VP2. Example: I will have worked for the company for 30 years by the end of next month.

AT + GIỜ/ AT THIS TIME (quá khứ)

chia thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Example: At 3 p.m yesterday, we were learning English at school.

AT + GIỜ/ AT THIS TIME (tương lai)

chia thì tương lai tiếp diễn. Example: At 3 p.m tomorrow, we will be learning English at school.

SINCE

S + V (present perfect) + since + S + V (past simple). Example: I haven't seen my old friends since we left school.

UNTIL/ AS SOON AS (tương lai)

S + V (future simple) + UNTIL/ AS SOON AS + S + V (present simple/ present perfect). Example: I will wait until you come back. I will call you as soon as I have finished my work.

UNTIL/ AS SOON AS (câu mệnh lệnh)

V (infinitive)/ Don't + V (infinitive) + UNTIL/ AS SOON AS + S + V (present simple/ present perfect). Example: Wait here until I come back. Don't leave the room until I come back.

BY THE TIME (quá khứ)

BY THE TIME + S + V (past simple), S + V (past perfect). Example: By the time you went to the cinema, the film had already started.

BY THE TIME (tương lai)

BY THE TIME + S + V (present simple), S + V (future perfect). Example: By the time you return, we will have bought a new house.

THE FIRST/LAST TIME

THIS/ IT IS THE FIRST; SECOND; THIRD…. TIME + S + V (present perfect) or THIS/ IT IS THE LAST TIME + S + V (past simple). Example: This is the first time I have ever met such a handsome boy. This is the last time I talked with you about that matter.

TRONG CÂU SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT (hiện tại)

S + V (present simple) + THE + ADJ (est)/ MOST + ADJ + CLAUSE (present perfect). Example: This is the most embarrassing experience I have ever had.

TRONG CÂU SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT (quá khứ)

S + V (past simple) + THE + ADJ (est)/ MOST + ADJ + CLAUSE (past perfect). Example: This was the most embarrassing experience I had ever had.