Chapter 20 - Anatomy and Physiology

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23 Terms

1

Human Anatomy

The various structures that make up the body, including organs formed by specialized cells and tissues.

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2

Physiology

The study of how organs function and interact within the body.

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3

Cardiovascular System

The system that facilitates the movement of blood throughout the body.

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4

Heart

A muscular organ in the thoracic cavity that pumps blood through the body.

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5

Atria

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.

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6

Ventricles

The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart.

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7

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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8

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary artery.

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9

Pulmonary Vein

The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

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10

Alveoli

Tiny inflatable pockets in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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11

Gas Exchange

The process of exchanging oxygen from the atmosphere for carbon dioxide in the blood.

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12

Rod Cells

Photoreceptor cells in the retina sensitive to light, primarily for night vision.

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13

Cone Cells

Photoreceptor cells in the retina that sense color and detail.

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14

Visual Acuity

The ability to see clearly without distortion, tested in aviation medicals.

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15

Blind Spot

The area on the retina with no rod or cone cells, where no visual information is detected.

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16

Hearing

The ability to perceive sound through the vibration of air particles transmitted to the auditory system.

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17

Tympanic Membrane

The eardrum that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound.

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18

Auditory Nerve

The nerve that transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain for sound processing.

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19

Semicircular Canals

Fluid-filled structures in the inner ear that detect angular motion and balance.

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20

Otolith Organs

The organs that sense acceleration in vertical and horizontal planes in the inner ear.

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21

Cochlea

The spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals.

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22

Systole

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood.

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23

Diastole

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows blood to fill the chambers.

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