Ochem - Inputs and Outputs

Chem 106

Stage 1: Digestion and Hydrolysis

• Input = Proteins, Polysaccharides (carbs), Lipids

• Output = Amino acids (→ Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, and Citric Acid Cycle), Glucose (→ Glycolysis), Fatty Acids and Glycerol (→ β-oxidation)

Glycolysis (stage 2)

• Input = Glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ADP + 2 Pi

• Output = 2 Pyruvate (→ Citric Acid Cycle), 2 NADH, 2 ATP (net)

β-oxidation (stage 2)

• Input = 2 Carbons, NAD+, FAD

• Output = Acetyl-CoA (→ Citric Acid Cycle), NADH, FADH2

Citric Acid Cycle (stage 3)

• Input = 1 acetyl-CoA, 3 NAD+, 1 FAD, GDP + Pi

• Output = 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, GTP (ATP)

ETC (stage 3)

• Input = NADH (complex 1), FADH2 (complex 2), 2 H + ½ O (complex 4)

• Output = NAD+, FAD, H2O

Oxidative phosphorylation (at ATP synthase):

• Input = ADP + Pi

• Output = ATP