The Rise of Rome

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What mountains form a ridge from north to south on the Italian peninsula?

Apennine Mountains

On what plain is Rome located?

Latium

What is the difference between Ancient Rome & Ancient Greece in terms of the impact of geography in their development?

Mountains less rugged than Greece, thus communities not divided into small, isolated communities.

Near what river is Rome located?

Tiber River

Why is this location significant?

provided access to trade routes on the Mediterranean Sea

What is the legend of Rome’s establishment?

Founded by brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 BC

What were early Romans like?

like? Farmers and herders that spoke Latin

What peoples ruled over the Romans until the Romans overthrew them in 509 B.C.?

They overthrew the Etruscan king

How did the Etruscans influence the Romans?

influenced Romans with sports, religion, architecture, alphabet and military.

What form of government did Rome establish after they overthrew their last king?

A republic

Where did Ancient Greeks settle?

Southern Italy

What did they bring to Roman civilization?

Greek culture and philosophy

Define confederation

an organization which consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league

What did the Romans allow some of their conquered peoples to become?

Citizens

What ethnicity of people especially?

Latin

What did the Romans allow their allies?

Could run local affairs and could become citizens

Why was this smart of the Romans to do?

They made the conquered peoples feel like they had a stake in Rome’s success.

Why were the Romans successful?

Good diplomats, firm & cruel, rebellions were crushed without mercy, shrewd in extending citizenship and allowing states to run their own internal affairs, accomplished and persistent soldiers; all in all, they were effective and efficient

Were the Romans idealists? If not, then what were they when it came to government?

No. Practical.

Why did Romans distrust kingships?

The Etruscans were harmful to them

What were consuls?

2 men chosen every year, ran government, led army into battle

What was the praetor? (know what civil law means)

administered civil law (civil law the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs)

What many senators were there?

300

What were the senators like?

Advice givers

How long did senators serve?

Life

Know the aspects of the Centuriate Assembly.

Great landowners, became ruling class, only they could become consuls, other officials and senators

Know the aspects of the Tribunes of the Plebians.

Less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants and small farmers, could vote but couldn’t hold office,

Know defining characteristics of Patricians and Plebians.

FOUGHT IN ARMY SO FELT THAY DESERVED POLITICAL/SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH PATRICIANS

How long did the struggle between Patricians and Plebians last in Rome?

Hundreds of years

What would strong families from both social classes go on the form by 287 B.C.?

new senatorial ruling class that came to dominate the political offices

Who found the state of Carthage? What type of empire did they have?

Phoenicians. Trading empire.

What did Phoenicians control in the western Mediterranean region?

Western Mediterranean trade.

What territories did the Phoenicians control?

Africa, Southern Spain, Sardinia, Corscia, and Western Sicily

Why did Rome fear the Carthaginians?

The presence on Sicily

What began the First Punic War?

264 BC

Who won & how?

Rome with its navy.

Who was Hannibal?

General

What did Hannibal do?

Crossed Spain, moved east and crossed Alps with 30- 40,000 men and 6000 horses and elephants

What happened when the Romans attacked Hannibal as he entered the Italian peninsula? Who won?

They lost 40,000 men and Rome refused to give up and raised another army. Hannibal.

What did Hannibal do after he defeated the Romans?

Roamed Italy

Why was Rome gradually able to recover?

Took back smaller cities

Where did Romans send troops & what were they able to do?

Spain and pushed Carthaginians out

What brilliant move by the Romans forced Hannibal to return to Carthage?

Rome invading Carthage

What happened at the Battle of Zama?

Rome crushed Hannibal’s forces

What did prominent Romans was 50 years after the Second Punic War?

They wanted Carthage destroyed

What did the Romans do to Carthage?

They burned the city and took people into slavery

What states came under Roman control by 146 B.C.?

the entire Greek peninsula

Who gave Rome its first province in Asia?

Pergamum

Because of their defeat of Carthage and other territories gained during this period, what were the Romans masters of by 133 B.C.?

the Mediterranean Sea