Studied by 7 people
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What mountains form a ridge from north to south on the Italian peninsula?
Apennine Mountains
On what plain is Rome located?
Latium
What is the difference between Ancient Rome & Ancient Greece in terms of the impact of geography in their development?
Mountains less rugged than Greece, thus communities not divided into small, isolated communities.
Near what river is Rome located?
Tiber River
Why is this location significant?
provided access to trade routes on the Mediterranean Sea
What is the legend of Rome’s establishment?
Founded by brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 BC
What were early Romans like?
like? Farmers and herders that spoke Latin
What peoples ruled over the Romans until the Romans overthrew them in 509 B.C.?
They overthrew the Etruscan king
How did the Etruscans influence the Romans?
influenced Romans with sports, religion, architecture, alphabet and military.
What form of government did Rome establish after they overthrew their last king?
A republic
Where did Ancient Greeks settle?
Southern Italy
What did they bring to Roman civilization?
Greek culture and philosophy
Define confederation
an organization which consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league
What did the Romans allow some of their conquered peoples to become?
Citizens
What ethnicity of people especially?
Latin
What did the Romans allow their allies?
Could run local affairs and could become citizens
Why was this smart of the Romans to do?
They made the conquered peoples feel like they had a stake in Rome’s success.
Why were the Romans successful?
Good diplomats, firm & cruel, rebellions were crushed without mercy, shrewd in extending citizenship and allowing states to run their own internal affairs, accomplished and persistent soldiers; all in all, they were effective and efficient
Were the Romans idealists? If not, then what were they when it came to government?
No. Practical.
Why did Romans distrust kingships?
The Etruscans were harmful to them
What were consuls?
2 men chosen every year, ran government, led army into battle
What was the praetor? (know what civil law means)
administered civil law (civil law the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs)
What many senators were there?
300
What were the senators like?
Advice givers
How long did senators serve?
Life
Know the aspects of the Centuriate Assembly.
Great landowners, became ruling class, only they could become consuls, other officials and senators
Know the aspects of the Tribunes of the Plebians.
Less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants and small farmers, could vote but couldn’t hold office,
Know defining characteristics of Patricians and Plebians.
FOUGHT IN ARMY SO FELT THAY DESERVED POLITICAL/SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH PATRICIANS
How long did the struggle between Patricians and Plebians last in Rome?
Hundreds of years
What would strong families from both social classes go on the form by 287 B.C.?
new senatorial ruling class that came to dominate the political offices
Who found the state of Carthage? What type of empire did they have?
Phoenicians. Trading empire.
What did Phoenicians control in the western Mediterranean region?
Western Mediterranean trade.
What territories did the Phoenicians control?
Africa, Southern Spain, Sardinia, Corscia, and Western Sicily
Why did Rome fear the Carthaginians?
The presence on Sicily
What began the First Punic War?
264 BC
Who won & how?
Rome with its navy.
Who was Hannibal?
General
What did Hannibal do?
Crossed Spain, moved east and crossed Alps with 30- 40,000 men and 6000 horses and elephants
What happened when the Romans attacked Hannibal as he entered the Italian peninsula? Who won?
They lost 40,000 men and Rome refused to give up and raised another army. Hannibal.
What did Hannibal do after he defeated the Romans?
Roamed Italy
Why was Rome gradually able to recover?
Took back smaller cities
Where did Romans send troops & what were they able to do?
Spain and pushed Carthaginians out
What brilliant move by the Romans forced Hannibal to return to Carthage?
Rome invading Carthage
What happened at the Battle of Zama?
Rome crushed Hannibal’s forces
What did prominent Romans was 50 years after the Second Punic War?
They wanted Carthage destroyed
What did the Romans do to Carthage?
They burned the city and took people into slavery
What states came under Roman control by 146 B.C.?
the entire Greek peninsula
Who gave Rome its first province in Asia?
Pergamum
Because of their defeat of Carthage and other territories gained during this period, what were the Romans masters of by 133 B.C.?
the Mediterranean Sea
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