ANAPHY LAB: Parts of a cell, connective tissue, neurons, muscular

4, 8, 9

Cell

basic living unit of all organisms

it determines form and function

cell

its a bubble of fatty material

cell

plasma membrane

outer layer that has double layer of phospholipids

polar

hydrophilic

polar is made of

phosphate and glycerol

nonpolar

hydrophobic

nonpolar is made of

2 fatty acid chain

proteins in plasma membrane

integral and peripheral

contains genetic code

nucleus

nuclear envelop

double walled

chromatin

DNA

nucleolus

tiny nucleus, forms RNA

ENdoplasmic reticulum

membranous tube and canal

it transports protein madeby ribosomes and manufacturs molecules

endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER

with ribosomes

Smooth ER

lipid synthesis

cytoplasm

‘cell stuff’

cytoplasm is composed of

organelles and liquid (cytosol)

Ribosomes

protein synthesis (either atteched to ER or free)

Golgi Apparatus

stack of flattened sacks

it receives, process, package (vesicle), and export outside the cell

golgi apparatus

mitochondria

ATP synthesis

It has outer and inner membrane called cristae

mitochondria

Lysosomes

has digestive enzymes in vesicles

it repairs the plasma membrane

lysosomes

Microtubules

hollow beams and makes up the cytoskeleton

a pair of centrioles is just a

parallel microtubules

it forms cilia, flagella, microvilli, spindle fibers

microtubules

dense cell fluid near the nucleus

centrosome

centrosome

microtubule organizing center

microvilli

tiny finger like projection for increase in surface area (absorption)

cilia

hair like projections to propel material

flagella

single and long, used in sperms

vesicles

membranous bubbles by golgi apparatus or by pinching cell membrane

electron microscope

uses beam of electrons for tiny specimen

resolution

ability to distinguish detail

Transmission EM

send an electron beam through the specimen

Scanning EM

reflects electron beam off the specimen, like a shadow

protein matrix

extracellular material with lots of protein fibers

Collagen

bundles of tough flexible fibers

white fibers

collagen

yellow fibers

elastin

elastin

stretchy, fibrous, protein in single fibers

fibrous connective tissue

dense fibrous and areolar

adipose

fat tissue

it is a modified form of areolar with fat storage cells

adipose

protein ground substance matrix

extracellular material with lots of nonfibrous protein

cartilage

combination of fibers and ground susbtance\=rubbery

hyaline cartilage

moderate amount of collagen

fibrocartilage

large amount of collagen fibers

elastic cartilage

elastin fibers and stretchy quality

bone

matrix of collagen fibers encrusted with mineral crystals leads to solid

compact bone

large dense pieces of bone matrix

cancellous bone

thin narrow beams of hard bone wherein red bone marrow can be supported

fluid matrix

water based solution

blood

major type of fluid matrix

hematopoietic tissue

produces blood cells

myeloid tissue

red bone marrow

blas

make

clast

break

Loose fibrous

areolar, spacious as it forms loose bonds

adipose tissue

common white fat for storage, support, insulation, cushion

Reticular tissue

“network” for 3D web

made of type III collagen

reticular

forms the framework of spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow cavities

reticular tissue

dense irregular

forms lower layer of skin, body’s fascia, capsules organs

dense regular

better connection for being pulled

aorta, tendons, ligaments

dense regular

Hyaline cartilage

semisolid rubbery

this is scattered in pockets of lacunae

chondrocytes

forms the fetal skeleton

hyaline

most abundant type of cartilage in thin layers

hyaline

hyaline

nose, larynx, trachea

fibrocartilage

rigid and less rubbery

disk vertebrae and semi movable joints

fibrocartilage

elastic cartilage

springiness and support

pinna

elastic cartilage

Compact bone

solid cylindrical units of osteons packed together

osteons

haversian system

each layer is

lamella

osteocytes

trapped within lacunae between lamellae

osteoblasts

osteocytes that was once active

lamellae are centered on the

central canal/haversian

canaliculi

small canals for transport in bone

cancellous bone

spongy, lattice-like

beams of hard bone

trabeculae

allows muscle to pull with force

contraction

muscle fibers

long cylindrical cells

skeletal muscle

striated and voluntary, attaches to skeleton

large, fiber like cells with cross stripes and coating of fibrous ct

skeletal

cardiac muscle

striated

Individual fibers are branched and fused by intercalated disks

cardiac

smooth

not striated and involuntary

long, thread like with single nucleus

smooth muscle

found in hollow organs

smooth

Neurons

basic cellular unit of nervous system

multipolar

single axon and multiple dendrites (common)

Bipolar

2 processes axon and dendrite

unipolar

single short processes in sensory neurons