APLC

Rebuttal

direct response that uses evidence and reasoning to contradict, challenge, or disprove an opposing argument

Counterclaim

an opposing viewpoint that challenges or contradicts your main argument

Counter Argument

an opposing viewpoint that challenges a writer’s main claim or thesis

Commentary

explanation, analysis, and interpretation that connects your evidence (quotes/examples) back to your thesis.

Evidence

the specific information—facts, data, quotes, examples, or anecdotes—used to support a thesis or claim

Refutation

the process of disproving an opposing argument (counterargument) by proving it is false, invalid, or weak using evidence and reasoning

Assert (an argument)

To put forth a statement, claim, or viewpoint confidently. It is the foundation of the argument.

Qualifiy (an argument)

To modify, limit, or restrict an assertion by adding conditions, exceptions, or boundaries. It recognizes that a position might be valid only in specific situations.

Defend (an argument)

To support, justify, or prove that an assertion is correct using evidence.

Challenge (an argument)

To dispute, refute, or show the flaws in an argument.

Concession

a rhetorical device where you acknowledge or admit that an opposing viewpoint has some validity