chapter 1.1

history

Microbiology

Study of small micro organisms

ötzi the iceman

Fermented foods & drinks

• Microbes convert sugars to

alcohol, gases, and acids

• Preserve and enhance food

Miasma theory

Quarantine & leprosy

Romans

Sewer system made by who

Hippocrates

Father of western medicine

Diseases were not caused by the supernatural

What was the idea of Hippocrates?

Hippocratic Corpus & Oath

Thucydides

Father of scientific history

Athenian plague

Early concept of immunity

Marcus Terentius Varro

Proposed that things we cannot see could cause disease

• Res Rusticae

• animalia minuta

al-Razi (Rhazes)

• Experimental methods to test aspects of medicine

• Meat rotting and hospital location

• Efforts to identify disease cause, not just focus on symptoms

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

• Canon of Medicine

• Described contagion, infection, and transmission

• Illness isolation and quarantine

Leeuwenhoek

used magnifying lens to observe “animalcules” in rain drop, “Father of Microbiology”

Louis Pasteur

• Fermentation and spoilage caused by microbes

• Pasteurization

• Vaccines (e.g. rabies)

Robert Koch

• Established method for connecting pathogen with specific disease

• Koch’s postulates

• anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis