GROUP 6A - CHALCOGENS & GROUP 6B - CHROMIUM SUBGROUP

Oxygen

most abundant element in the earth's crust and also known as Acid Former

Empyreal air

term used by Scheele to describe oxygen.

Dephlogisticated air

term used by Joseph Priestly to describe oxygen.

Antoine Lavoisier

coined the term "Oxygen"

Artificial Air

20% oxygen & 80% helium

Annoxia

absence of or inadequate oxygen

Anemia

normal oxygen tension but inadequate hemoglobin

Stagnant

general circulation is interfered

Histotoxicity

cellular respiration is interfered; poisoning to the tissues

Lindle-Frankl process

manufacture of oxygen - fractionation of liquid air

99.0% v/v

O2 produced by air fractionation process contains NLT ____

Oxygen 93%

O2 produced from air by molecular sieve process.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that is used for decompression sickness - hazard of scuba diving

Ozone

only allotrope of Oxygen that is a powerful oxidizing agent

Welsbach Method

production of ozone where cold dry oxygen is subjected to an electrical discharge

Garlic odor

Odor of ozone

Formation of violet/blue-violet color

Identification of ozone in Starch-KI paper

Red to Blue

Identification of ozone in KI-Litmus Paper

Sulfur

Shulbari - enemy of copper

Brimstone

Ore of sulfur aka burning stone

Gypsum

CaSO4 * 2H2O

Galena

Lead sulfide (PbS)

32S

95.02% Sulfur isotope

33S

0.75% Sulfur isotope

34S

4.21% Sulfur isotope

36S

0.02%

Frasch Process

commercial process for extracting elemental sulfur

Rhombic/alpha-Sulfur

most common and stable allotrope of S (e.g., flower of S, milk of S)

Monoclinic/beta-Sulfur

less dense than alpha-sulfur

Gamma Sulfur

Nacreous/Mother of pearl sulfur

Liquid Sulfur/Plastic Sulfur

prepared by heating rhombic sulfur to above its melting point then rapidly cooling it e.g., Amorphous S - 70% Rhombic

Crystalline S

Sublimed S (Flower of S) - parasiticide and scabicide; cathartic

Amorphous S

Precipitated S, Milk of S - scabicide

Sodium thiosulfate

hypo-antidote of cyanide toxicity and I2 poisoning; used to combat parasitic skin infection

Gold Sodium Thiosulfate

Sodium Aurothiosulfate/Sanocrysin - injectable antirheumatic

Sulfur Dioxide, NF

colorless, nonflammable gas possessing a characteristic pungent and irritating odor; used in the manufacture of H2SO4

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

highly toxic, highly corrosive gas with rotten egg odor

Sulfuric acid

Oil of vitriol; dehydrating agent

J.J. Berzelius and J.G. Gahn

Found Selenium (1817) in nature associated with sulfur or sulfides

Selenium

element known as Moon

Red Selenium

alpha, beta, gamma - Se rings which differ only in intermolecular packing

Gray Selenium

most thermodynamically stable; consists of unbranched helical chains

Selenium Sulfide

Se compound in Selsun Blue; catalyst for N2 determination

Tellurium

Discovered by Reichtenstein (1782) and Klaproth (1798)

Polonium

Discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie (1898) - radioactive metal occurring in nature only as a product of Uranium

Chromite

natural source of Chromium with a chemical formula of FeCr2O4

Ochre

Cr2O3

Chromium

active component in glucose tolerance factor

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

will oxidize alcohols and turns green when reduced to chromium(III). It is used in Breathalyzers.
yellow-orange solution that is a good oxidizing agent.

c. I, II, III
Wulfenite - PbMoO4
Powellite - Ca(Mo2W)O4
Molybdite - MoO3

Which of the following is/are the natural source/s of Molybdenum?
I. Chromite
II. Wulfenite
III. Powellite
IV. Molybdite
a. I only
b. !, II, III
c. II, III, IV
d. II only
e. AOTA

Molybdenum

cofactor of flavin-dependent enzymes

Molybdenum Blue Test

sensitive for reducing substances