LEG AND FOOT MUSCLES

MUSCLE: Tibialis anterior

ORIGIN: Lateral surface of shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane

INSERTION: Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal bone

NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: Extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot

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MUSCLE: Extensor digitorum longus

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of shaft of fibula

INSERTION: Extensor expansion of lateral four toes

NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: Extends toes; extends foot at ankle joint

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MUSCLE: Peroneus tertius

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of shaft of fibula

INSERTION: Base of fifth metatarsal bone

NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: Extends foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

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MUSCLE: Extensor hallucis longus

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of shaft of fibula

INSERTION: Base of distal phalanx of great toe

NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: Extends big toe; extends foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

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MUSCLE: Extensor digitorum brevis

ORIGIN: Calcaneum

INSERTION: By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second, third, and fourth toes

NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: Extends toes

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MUSCLE: Peroneus longus

ORIGIN: Lateral surface of shaft of fibula

INSERTION: Base of first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform

NERVE: Superficial peroneal nerve

ACTION: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot

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MUSCLE: Peroneus brevis

ORIGIN: Lateral surface of shaft of fibula

INSERTION: Base of fifth metatarsal bone

NERVE: Superficial peroneal nerve

ACTION: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joint; supports lateral longitudinal arch of foot

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MUSCLE: Gastrocnemius

ORIGIN: Lateral head from lateral condyle of femur and medial head from above medial condyle

INSERTION: Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes knee joint

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MUSCLE: Plantaris

ORIGIN: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

INSERTION: Posterior surface of calcaneum

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; flexes knee joint

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MUSCLE: Soleus

ORIGIN: Shafts of tibia and fibula

INSERTION: Via tendo calcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneum

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: Together with gastrocnemius and plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of ankle joint; provides main propulsive force in walking and running

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MUSCLE: Popliteus

ORIGIN: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

INSERTION: Posterior surface of shaft of tibia above soleal line

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: rotation of femur on tibia and slackens ligaments of joint

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MUSCLE: Flexor digitorum longus

ORIGIN: Posterior surface of shaft of tibia

INSERTION: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot

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MUSCLE: Flexor hallucis longus

ORIGIN: Posterior surface of shaft of fibula

INSERTION: Base of distal phalanx of big toe

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: Flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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MUSCLE: Tibialis posterior

ORIGIN: Posterior surface of shafts of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane

INSERTION: Tuberosity of navicular bone and other neighboring bones

NERVE: Tibial nerve

ACTION: Plantar flexes foot at ankle joint; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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MUSCLE: Abductor hallucis

ORIGIN: Medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor retinaculum

INSERTION: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe

NERVE: Medial plantar nerve

ACTION: Flexes and abducts big toe; braces medial longitudinal arch

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MUSCLE: Flexor digitorum brevis

ORIGIN: Medial tubercle of calcaneum

INSERTION: Four tendons to four lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanx; tendons perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus

NERVE: Medial plantar nerve

ACTION: Flexes lateral four toes; braces medial and lateral longitudinal arches

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MUSCLE: Abductor digiti minimi

ORIGIN: Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneum

INSERTION: Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe

NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Flexes and abducts fifth toe; braces lateral longitudinal arch

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MUSCLE: Quadratus Plantae

ORIGIN: Medial and lateral sides of calcaneum

INSERTION: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four toes

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MUSCLE: Lumbricals (4)

ORIGIN: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

INSERTION: Dorsal extensor expansion; bases of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes

NERVE: First lumbrical: medial plantar nerve; remainder: lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Extends toes at interphalangeal joints

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MUSCLE: Flexor digitorum longus tendon

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MUSCLE: Flexor hallucis longus tendon

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MUSCLE: Flexor hallucis brevis

ORIGIN: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion

INSERTION: Medial tendon into medial side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe; lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

NERVE: Medial plantar nerve

ACTION: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; holds together metatarsal bones

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MUSCLE: Adductor hallucis

ORIGIN: Oblique head bases of second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones; transverse head from plantar ligaments

INSERTION: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

NERVE: Deep branch lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch

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MUSCLE: Flexor digiti minimi brevis

ORIGIN: Base of fifth metatarsal bone

INSERTION: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe

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MUSCLE: Dorsal interossei (4)

ORIGIN: Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones

INSERTION: Bases of proximal phalanges - first: medial side of second toe; remainder: lateral sides of second, third, and fourth toes - also dorsal extensor expansion

NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Abduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

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MUSCLE: Plantar interossei (4)

ORIGIN: Inferior surfaces of third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones

INSERTION: Medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral three toes

NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve

ACTION: Adduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

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MUSCLE: Extensor digitorum brevis

ORIGIN: Anterior part of upper surface of the calcaneum and from the inferior extensor retinaculum

INSERTION: By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second, third, and fourth toes

NERVE: Deep peroneal nerve

ACTION: Extends toes

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