biomed one page wonders

DNA

In the shape of a double helix and contains genetic information for cells and proteins

Made up of many nucleotides

What is a section of dna called

Gene

What happened when many genes build up

Forms a chromosome

What do chromosomes contain

Code for genetic production of proteins and contains genetic information

The certain lengths of the dna is called what

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs)

Where can RFLPs be seen

Gel electrophoresis

Autopsy

Dissection of a deceased person that will decide the cause of death

What is HIPAA

A set of laws that provides clients patients and students with confidentiality and privacy

What is a disease in which the body dies not produce enough insulin or the receptors do not recognize INSULIN

Diabetes

What is a protein hormone produced to signal the cell to take in glucose and make energy

Insulin

What loop stops one action and makes no action or an opposite action in attempt to maintain homeostasis

Negative feedback

What loop continues an action until something big happens

Positive feedback loop

Monomer for carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

2 5-carbon rings that make sucrose

Disaccharides

What is a polysaccharide

Many monosaccharides

Monomer of proteins

Amino acids

Chemical reactions form covalent bonds between what?

Elements or compounds

What is elements together bonded

A molecule

How do you make a polymer

Covalent bonds are formed through a chemical reaction

How are chemical bonds broken

When a chemical reaction occurs

energy for the body

ATP

What test can determine what percent of hemoglobin is glycogen (covered in sugar)

Hemoglobin A1C

What is hyperglycemia

when there is too much sugar in your blood

What is hypoglycemia

When there is not enough sugar in your blood

What is anemia

When your blood’s hematocrit level gets too low

What is sickle cell disease

When the body produces defective platelets in the blood shaped like a sickle

Sickle cell is passed down through which gene

Recessive

Process in which dna’s code is copied onto a strand of rna

Transcription

Hydrophilic

Amino acid attracted to water

Hydrophobic

amino acid that tries to move away from water

Chromosomes pairs 1-22 are considered what

Autosomes

Autosomes

Chromosomes that do not determine a persons sex but codes for every other protein in the body

Sex chromosome

Chromosomes that determines your sex

mutation

A change in the dna sequence that ultimately can cause a change in the production of a protein

Somatic cells

All the cells in your body are except sperm and egg

Gamete

Sex cell

Homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes with similar location, dimensions and structure

Dominant trait

Characteristic that can be passed down genetically from only one parents

Recessive trait

A characteristic that must be passed down genetically by both parents in order for the offspring to get the trait

Arteries

Take blood AWAY from the heart

veins

Take blood BACK to the heart

Atrioventricular

Valves that allow blood to go from the atrium to the ventricle

Semilunar

Valves that allow blood from the ventricles to the body

Pulmonary circulation

Gets oxygen from the lungs so that it can enter the systemic circuit

Systemic circulation

Transports oxygen to the body

Sphygmomanometer

Used to take blood pressure

Hypertension

When your blood pressure is too high

First the _________ node sends a signal for the heart to beat

Sinotrial

The signal continues until it reaches the ________ node, at this node the signal pauses in order for the atria to contract.

Atrioventricular

What can track the electrical system and your pulse

Electrocardiogram

The study of the heart and its actions

Cardiology

HDL carries ________ away from your heart and other organs

Cholesterol

Atherosclerosis

Hardening/narrowing of the arteries

Allows cardiologists to find where a blockage is in your heart

Angiograms

Metabolic syndrome

A group of factors that can cause an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes

Bacteria

Antibiotic resistant

Single celled microbes

Virus

Attached to a cell and injects dna

Helminths

Parasites

Protozoa

Single celled organisms

Prions

Not an organism

Destroys the brain

Fungus

related to mushrooms

Feed on human tissue

Antibodies

What our immune system produces to attack pathogens

Antigen

on the cell surface to alert immune cells of an invader

B cells

Makes antibodies to attack and stop the pathogen

T cells

Last resort option

Injects poison into the invader so it will die

Phagocytes

Kind of WBC that eats yeast and other cells