Environemental Science 3.1 and 3.2

Matter

all material in the universe that has mass and occupies space

Atom

basic units of matter

Element

chemical substance with a given set of properties that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties

Nucleus

central core containing particles called protons and neutrons

Molecule

combination of two or more atoms of the same type or of different types joined by covalent bonds

Compound

a substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements

Hydrocarbon

an organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon

Solution

a mixture in which all the ingredients are evenly distributed

Macromolecule

large organic compounds that are essential to life

Protein

polymers that serve many functions in organisms. they are organic compounds made up carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, sometimes sulfur

serve many functions like develop bone and repair muscle; include enzymes; are polymers that consist of amino acids

Nucleic acid

macromolecules that direct protein production

direct protein production; include DNA, RNA

Carbohydrate

polymers that consist of atoms carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

provides energy and structure; include sugar, starch, and cellulose

Lipid

a chemically diverse group of macromolecules that are classified together because they do not dissolve in water

not soluble in water; many functions; include fats, waxes, and hormones

pH

the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Proton

have a positive charge and are in the nucleus. they determine the elemental identity of the atom

Neutrons

have no charge and are in the nucleus. They determine, with protons, the mass of the atoms.

Electrons

are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus. they determine what chemical bonds the atom will form with other atoms.

Ion

an atom loses or gains an electron and becomes charged (+ or -)

Organic Compound

consists of covalently bonded atoms and often include other elements, espeically hydrogen (OC include natural gas, petroleum, coal, gasoline)

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds, such as petroleum that contain only hydrogen and carbon

Inorganic Compound

lack carbon to carbon bonds

covalent bonds

elements are shared

Ionic Bonds

a positive ion attracts a negative ion

Molecule

two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

Compound

substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements

mixture

a combination of elements, molecules or compounds that are not bonded chemically

Solutions

mixtures in which all ingredients are equally distributed

(solids, liquids, gases, blood, sea water, plant sap, and metal alloys (brass))