Study Guide for Lecture Exam #2 - Anatomy and Physiology I

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the anatomy and physiology lecture notes to help prepare for the upcoming exam.

Integumentary System

The organ system that includes the skin and its accessory structures, which functions in protection, sensation, temperature regulation, and synthesis of Vitamin D.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

Dermis

The thicker layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, and nerves.

Keratinocytes

The predominant cell type in the epidermis, responsible for producing keratin, a protein that protects skin cells from damage.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, which contributes to skin color.

Appositional Growth

The process by which bones increase in width by adding new bone tissue on the outer surfaces.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures due to an imbalance between bone resorption and bone deposition.

Synovial Fluid

A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints, which lubricates cartilage and reduces friction during movement.

Suture

A fibrous joint between cranial bones, characterized by a serrated line of junction.

Myoglobin

An oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells that facilitates oxygen storage and transport.

Sliding Filament Theory

A theory that explains muscle contraction by the sliding movement of actin and myosin filaments over each other.

Epidermal Wound Healing

The process of repair of the epidermis involving basal cell migration and proliferation.

Epiphyseal Plate

A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone, where growth occurs.

Regulatory Proteins in Muscle Contraction

Proteins such as tropomyosin and troponin that control the interaction between actin and myosin during muscle contraction.

Hormone Regulation of Calcium Levels

The process by which hormones like PTH and calcitonin regulate calcium levels in the blood and bone.

Compact Bone

The denser outer layer of bone that provides strength and structure, consisting of tightly packed osteons.

Muscle Fatigue

The decline in ability of a muscle to generate force, often due to prolonged activity.