Psych Practice QuestionsThe first signs of superego development appear during which stage of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory? a. The oral stage b. The anal stage c. The phallic stage d. The genital stage

1. The first signs of superego development appear during which stage of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
   a. The oral stage
   b. The anal stage

   c. The phallic stage

   d. The genital stage

C

2. Each of Erikson’s stages is characterized by

   a. the intervention of a caregiver or mentor.

   b. a crisis that the individual must resolve.

   c. individual goal setting.

   d. mastery of social skills, however rudimentary.

B

3. Which of the following best describes a parenting style influenced by Watson’s theories?
   a. Rigid and strict
   b. Overprotective

   c. Permissive
   d. Child-centered

A

4. According to Skinner, everything we do in life is an operant response influenced by
   a. the immediate sociocultural context.
   b. the outcomes of past behavior.

   c. the behavior of peers. d. behavior modification.

B

5. Social learning theory emphasizes ______ as the primary mechanism(s) of development.
   a. observation and imitation
   b. genetic encoding

   c. reinforcement
   d. social influences

A

6. Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment demonstrated a. the pleasure principle.
   b. vicarious reinforcement.
   c. operant conditioning.

   d. basic trust versus mistrust.

B

7. Dodge’s approach to social cognition centers on the use of __________ as a problem-solving strategy.

a. negotiation
b. role-taking
c. aggression
d. the “generalized other”

C

8. According to Dweck, whether a child meets a new challenge with a sense of excitement or with a sense of anxiety depends on that child’s
   a. skill level.

   b. achievement motivation.

   c. parental engagement.
   d. hostile attributional bias.

B

9. Though younger children realize that someone else can have a perspective different from theirs, it is not until adolescence that we are able to compare our perspective to a generalized other. This ability represents the fourth stage in Roger Selman’s ________ theory.

   a. psychosocial

   b. reciprocal determinism

   c. role-taking
   d. self-socializations

C

10. What is the term used to describe the study of behavior within an evolutionary context?
    a. Ethology
    b. Biology

    c. Sociology

    d. Mesosystem

A

11. Parental-investment theory stresses the basis of many aspects of parental behavior.
    a. evolutionary
    b. empirical

    c. behaviorist d. bioecologica

A

12. Lisa’s peers are picking on her at recess because she wears glasses. Which level of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model is affecting Lisa?

    a. The macrosystem b. The exosystem
    c. The microsystem d. The mesosystem

C

13. Which level of Bronfenbrenner’s model would account for how changes in a society’s customs over time affect the development of a child?
    a. The macrosystem

    b. The exosystem
    c. The chronosystem d. The mesosystem

C

14. Media use and exposure can impact an individual on every level of the bioecological model. Which of the following would represent an intervention at the mesosystem?

    1. National policies directed at limiting access by young children to

       violent media

    2. The installation of educational video games within the classroom

    3. The development of increasingly effective security measures for

       digital devices

    4. Watching an R-rated movie

C

15. Of the four broad theoretical frameworks for social development presented in this chapter, which group places the most emphasis on the importance of the child’s knowledge and beliefs?
    a. Psychoanalytic theories

    b. Learning theories
    c. Social cognition theories d. Ecological theories

C