us gov chapter 5

black leaders shifted decision-making power on key civil rights issues from Congress, where they had been stymied for generations, to the federal courts

True

Which case held the landmark decision that ‘separate but equal’ has no place because “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”

Brown v. Board of Education

What Louisiana case had the Court rejecting a claim, holding that the law treated both races equally even though it required them to be separate, inspiring the ‘seperate but equal doctrine’

Plessy v. Ferguson

What are civil rights?

cases in which some group, defined usually along racial or ethnic lines, is denied access to facilities, opportunities, or services that are available to other groups

The pertinent question regarding civil rights is not whether the government has the authority to treat different people differently; it is whether such differ-ences in treatment are reasonable

True

what is suspect classification

any law making racial distinctions is now subject to strict scrutiny

the court said that segregated education is bad because…

it “has a detrimental effect upon the colored children” by generating “a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community” that may “affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.

the conclusion was supported by…

a footnote reference to social science studies of the apparent impact of segregation on black children

Some justices did not agree that the Fourteenth Amendment made the Constitution color-blind

True

strict scrutiny

This says that some instances of drawing distinctions between different groups of people are inherently suspect

intermediate scrutiny

a standard somewhere between thereasonableness and strict scrutiny tests

What case states that states may not finance an all-male military school

United States v. Virginia

What case stated that gender discrimination violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution

Reed v. Reed

Which case stated that Congress can draft men without drafting women

Rostker v. Goldberg

reasonableness standard

when the government treats some classes of people differently from others, it must be reasonable and not arbitrary

Seneca Falls convention was in

1848

The leaders of the Seneca Falls convention demanded…

the right for women to vote

Privacy is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution, but the Court argued that it could be inferred from ____, cast off by various provisions of the Bill of Rights

penumbras (literally, shadows)

police powers

State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals

in 1976, the use of federal funds to pay for abortions were barred except ______. This provision is known as the Hyde Amendment

when the life of the mother is at stake

What case upheld separate-but-equal facilities for white and black people on railroad cars

Plessy v. Ferguson

What case said that separate public schools are inherently unequal, starting racial desegregation

Brown v. Board of Education

What helped break the deadlock of implementing civil rights into the U.S.

changing public opinion, the media, assassination of JFK, 1964 elections

Sexual harassment is a serious matter, but because there are few federal laws governing it, we are left with some-what vague and often inconsistent court and bureaucratic rules to guide us

true

equality of results

Making certain that people achieve the same result

equality of opportunity

Giving people an equal chance to succeed

Which case ruled that consideration of race as one of several factors to ensure diversity among students was constitutionally permissible

Fisher v. University of Texas

Most Americans distinguish between compensatory action and preferential treatment

true

Which case ruled that a private organization may ban gays from its membership

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale

Which 2015 case ruled that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry

Obergefell v. Hodges

Which case found a “right to privacy” in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

Griswold v. Connecticut