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black leaders shifted decision-making power on key civil rights issues from Congress, where they had been stymied for generations, to the federal courts
True
Which case held the landmark decision that ‘separate but equal’ has no place because “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”
Brown v. Board of Education
What Louisiana case had the Court rejecting a claim, holding that the law treated both races equally even though it required them to be separate, inspiring the ‘seperate but equal doctrine’
Plessy v. Ferguson
What are civil rights?
cases in which some group, defined usually along racial or ethnic lines, is denied access to facilities, opportunities, or services that are available to other groups
The pertinent question regarding civil rights is not whether the government has the authority to treat different people differently; it is whether such differ-ences in treatment are reasonable
True
what is suspect classification
any law making racial distinctions is now subject to strict scrutiny
the court said that segregated education is bad because…
it “has a detrimental effect upon the colored children” by generating “a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community” that may “affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.
the conclusion was supported by…
a footnote reference to social science studies of the apparent impact of segregation on black children
Some justices did not agree that the Fourteenth Amendment made the Constitution color-blind
True
strict scrutiny
This says that some instances of drawing distinctions between different groups of people are inherently suspect
intermediate scrutiny
a standard somewhere between thereasonableness and strict scrutiny tests
What case states that states may not finance an all-male military school
United States v. Virginia
What case stated that gender discrimination violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution
Reed v. Reed
Which case stated that Congress can draft men without drafting women
Rostker v. Goldberg
reasonableness standard
when the government treats some classes of people differently from others, it must be reasonable and not arbitrary
Seneca Falls convention was in
1848
The leaders of the Seneca Falls convention demanded…
the right for women to vote
Privacy is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution, but the Court argued that it could be inferred from ____, cast off by various provisions of the Bill of Rights
penumbras (literally, shadows)
police powers
State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals
in 1976, the use of federal funds to pay for abortions were barred except ______. This provision is known as the Hyde Amendment
when the life of the mother is at stake
What case upheld separate-but-equal facilities for white and black people on railroad cars
Plessy v. Ferguson
What case said that separate public schools are inherently unequal, starting racial desegregation
Brown v. Board of Education
What helped break the deadlock of implementing civil rights into the U.S.
changing public opinion, the media, assassination of JFK, 1964 elections
Sexual harassment is a serious matter, but because there are few federal laws governing it, we are left with some-what vague and often inconsistent court and bureaucratic rules to guide us
true
equality of results
Making certain that people achieve the same result
equality of opportunity
Giving people an equal chance to succeed
Which case ruled that consideration of race as one of several factors to ensure diversity among students was constitutionally permissible
Fisher v. University of Texas
Most Americans distinguish between compensatory action and preferential treatment
true
Which case ruled that a private organization may ban gays from its membership
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
Which 2015 case ruled that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry
Obergefell v. Hodges
Which case found a “right to privacy” in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives
Griswold v. Connecticut