us gov chapter 5

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31 Terms

1
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black leaders shifted decision-making power on key civil rights issues from Congress, where they had been stymied for generations, to the federal courts

True

2
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Which case held the landmark decision that ‘separate but equal’ has no place because “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”

Brown v. Board of Education

3
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What Louisiana case had the Court rejecting a claim, holding that the law treated both races equally even though it required them to be separate, inspiring the ‘seperate but equal doctrine’

Plessy v. Ferguson

4
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What are civil rights?

cases in which some group, defined usually along racial or ethnic lines, is denied access to facilities, opportunities, or services that are available to other groups

5
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The pertinent question regarding civil rights is not whether the government has the authority to treat different people differently; it is whether such differ-ences in treatment are reasonable

True

6
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what is suspect classification

any law making racial distinctions is now subject to strict scrutiny

7
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the court said that segregated education is bad because…

it “has a detrimental effect upon the colored children” by generating “a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community” that may “affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.

8
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the conclusion was supported by…

a footnote reference to social science studies of the apparent impact of segregation on black children

9
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Some justices did not agree that the Fourteenth Amendment made the Constitution color-blind

True

10
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strict scrutiny

This says that some instances of drawing distinctions between different groups of people are inherently suspect

11
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intermediate scrutiny

a standard somewhere between thereasonableness and strict scrutiny tests

12
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What case states that states may not finance an all-male military school

United States v. Virginia

13
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What case stated that gender discrimination violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution

Reed v. Reed

14
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Which case stated that Congress can draft men without drafting women

Rostker v. Goldberg

15
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reasonableness standard

when the government treats some classes of people differently from others, it must be reasonable and not arbitrary

16
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Seneca Falls convention was in

1848

17
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The leaders of the Seneca Falls convention demanded…

the right for women to vote

18
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Privacy is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution, but the Court argued that it could be inferred from ____, cast off by various provisions of the Bill of Rights

penumbras (literally, shadows)

19
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police powers

State power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals

20
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in 1976, the use of federal funds to pay for abortions were barred except ______. This provision is known as the Hyde Amendment

when the life of the mother is at stake

21
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What case upheld separate-but-equal facilities for white and black people on railroad cars

Plessy v. Ferguson

22
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What case said that separate public schools are inherently unequal, starting racial desegregation

Brown v. Board of Education

23
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What helped break the deadlock of implementing civil rights into the U.S.

changing public opinion, the media, assassination of JFK, 1964 elections

24
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Sexual harassment is a serious matter, but because there are few federal laws governing it, we are left with some-what vague and often inconsistent court and bureaucratic rules to guide us

true

25
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equality of results

Making certain that people achieve the same result

26
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equality of opportunity

Giving people an equal chance to succeed

27
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Which case ruled that consideration of race as one of several factors to ensure diversity among students was constitutionally permissible

Fisher v. University of Texas

28
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Most Americans distinguish between compensatory action and preferential treatment

true

29
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Which case ruled that a private organization may ban gays from its membership

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale

30
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Which 2015 case ruled that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry

Obergefell v. Hodges

31
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Which case found a “right to privacy” in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

Griswold v. Connecticut