Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
first 3 wars of SEVEN YRS WAR
1) King Williams War - British launched expeditions to capture Quebec from France but failed. Indians supported by French burned down British frontier settlements
2) Queen Anneâs War - British gained more success and gained Nova Scotia from France and trading rights in Spanish America
3) King Georgeâs War - Oglethorpe led a colonial army that repulsed Spanish attacks. New Englanders captured Louisburg in Canada. In a peace treaty ending the war, Britain returned Louisburg to France in exchange for political and economic gains in India
Washington & Braddock
from the British POV, the French provoked the war by building forts in Ohio River Valley.
Hoping to stop the French, Washington was sent, and after gaining a small victory, surrendered
In another, Braddock and 2000 troops were defeated by a smaller force of French and Indians
Albany Plan of Union
recognizing the need, British gov. called for reps from several colonies to meet in Albany
In 1754, the delegates from 7 colonies adopted the plan developed by Franklin that provided an intercolonial gov and system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes
Never actually happened but set stage for American Revolution
British victory
British PM, William Pitt, concentrated the governmentâs military strategy on conquering Canada. This was accomplished with the retaking of Louisbourg in 1755, the surrender of Quebec to Gen James Wolfe and taking of Montreal in 1760
Peace of Paris
After British victory, treaty was negotiated and Great Britain acquired both French Canada and Spanish Florida. In compensation for Spainâs loss of Florida, France gave Louisiana to Spain
Immediate effects of war
gave Great Britain unchallenged supremacy among Europeans in North America
challenged autonomy of many American Indians
American colonies no longer faced the threat of concerned attacks from French, Spanish, and American Indian allies
British view of Seven yrs war
The British came away from the war with a low opinion of colonial military abilities. They noted that some colonies did not give troops or money to support the war. Most British were convinced they didnât want to defend
Colonial view of seven yrs war
proud of their record in all 4 wars and were convinced that they could provide for their own defense
They werenât impressed with the British troops bc their methods of warfare seemed badly suited to the terrain
What ended with the French & Indian War?
salutary neglect
What happened to colonists due to the seven yrs war?
they were taxed due to the war costs
Pontiacâs rebellion
1st major test of New British policy came when Chief Pontiac led an attack against colonial settlement
The Indians were upset by the movement of the British and Pontiacâs alliance of Indians destroyed forts & settlements
added on to the damage of the war
proclamation of 1763
In an effort to stabilize the western frontier, the British gov.t issued a proclamation that stopped colonists from settling west of Applachain Mountains
Colonists were mad and ignored the line
Sugar Act
this act placed taxes on foreign sugar and certain luxuries
companion law would also provide for stricter enforcement of Nav Acts to stop smuggling
Quartering Act
this act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies
Stamp Act
Act enacted by Parliament that required all revenue stamps by placing on printed paper in the colonies
first direct tax on colonists
Patrick Henry
A young VA lawyer spoke for many when he stood up in the House of Burgesses to demand that the kingâs gov.t recognize the rights of all citizens including the right to not be taxed w/o representation
Stamp Act Congress
In Mass. Otis insisted a call for cooperative action among the colonies to protest the Stamp Act
Reps from 9 colonies met in NY in 1765 and formed a Congress and argued that only their elected rep had legal authority to approve the taxes
sons & daughters of liberty
the protest against the Stamp Act took a violent turn when members of this started to tar and feather tax collecters
declaratory act
had the right to tax & make laws for the colonies âin all casesâ
townshend acts
the parliament enacted new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper
also provided ability to conduct a search of private homes and smuggled goods
letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania
â argued that Parliament could regulate colonial commerce, but if it wanted to tax, it had to have approval of assemblies that included colonial representation
Massachusetts Circular Letter
James Otis and Samuel Adams wrote this letter urging colonists to petition Parliament to repeal Townshend Acts
British ordered the letter retracted
Repeal
Parliament repealed the âactsâ however, they still kept a tax on tea as a symbol of the right to tax colonists
Boston Massacre
In March 1770, a crowd of colonists harassed guards near the customs house. The guards shot into the crowd, killing 5
Committees of Correspondence
initiated by Samuel Adams. In Boston and other Massachusetts towns, Adams began the practice of organizing committees that would regularly exchange letters about threatening British actions
Gaspee
a British ship that caught several smugglers
In 1722, it ran around RI, seizing the opportunity to destroy a ship, a group of colonists dressed as natives set the ship on fire
Boston Tea Party
the colonists continued their refusal to buy British tea bc it had tax on it
hoping to help tea company, Parliament made British tea cheaper than smuggled
a shipment of tea arrived in Boston, and colonists dressed as natives overtook the boat and dumped all the tea into the water
Intolerable Acts
british enacted acts as punishment for British
1) Port Act
2) Mass Gov.t Act
3) Admin of Justice Act
4) Quartering Act
Quebec Act
British passed a law organizing the Canadian lands gained by French
To satisfy French speaking, the act established Roman Catholicism the official language of Quebec
it also set up a gov w/o representative assembly to Ohio River
Deism
many enlightenment thinkers were deists
believed that people have free will
Rationalism
belief in human reason to understand the natural world
led to studying science and human behavior rather than following interpretations of the Bible
Social Contract
influenced by John Locke
people give up rights to receive equality and liberty from gov
Common Sense
Thomas Paine wrote this and was the first one to express the want for independence fully
directly attacked King and urged ppl to listen
1st continental congress
purpose was to respond to what the delegates viewed as Britainâs alarming threats to their liberties
all in attendance were wealthy white men but with all diff views
Suffolk resolves
issued by Massachusetts and called for a repeal of Intolerable Acts
Declaration & Resolves
urged king to restore colonial rights and recognized parlimentâs authority to regulate commerce
Continental Association
enforced economic sanctions of Suffolk Resolves
Lexington and Concord
initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war.
Bunker Hill
2 months after Lexington & Concord, a true battle was fought b/t 2 sides. A colonial militia of Massachusetts farmers and British fought over Bunker Hill. British wonâŚ.
2nd continental congress
Soon after fighting broke out in Mass. , Delegates met for the 2nd cc. New England group argued that colonies should declare independence, while other group argued that they should negotiate.
Declaration of The Causes and Necessities For Taking Up Arms
called on colonies to provide troops. Washington was comm. in chief and was sent to Boston to lead the militia
An American navy and marine corps were organized in fall of 1775 for the purpose of attacking British ships
authorized a force under Benedict Arnold to raid Quebec in order to draw Canada away from British empire
Olive Branch Petition
In July 1775, delegates sent the Olive Branch Petition, pledging loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and protection of colonial rights
King angrily refused
Declaration of Independence
On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee introduced a resolution declaring the colonies independent. 5 delegates, including TJ, wrote their grievances against King George 3
British strengths for Revolutionary War
far greater resources
3x the population
large and well trained army
patriots
Most soldiers were reluctant to leave their region, and most would serve in army and then go back to their homes. As well, they were not that many, iâll supplied, and not paid well
African Americans
initially Washington rejected the idea of AAâs fighting but when British offered freedom to AAâs who joined the army, Washington followed
exactly 5000 AAâs fought in the army
Tories (loyalists)
Almost 60,000 American Tories fought next to British soldiers & supplied them w/ arms and food
The war divided families
American Indians
At first, Indians tried to stay out of the war
However, by attacks by colonists prompted many American Indians to support British, who promised to limit colonial settlement
Saratoga
turning point
British forces under Gen Burgoyne had marched from Canada in an effort to join forces marching from west & south
British were forced to surrender
Effect of Saratoga
When French heard about Saratoga, they allied with America to get back at British
This was the reason that Americans won
Yorktown
Last major battle of the war was fought near Yorktown, VA. Cornwallis and army surrendered to Washington and army and they won the war
Treaty of Paris
1) British had to recognize the existence of the US as an independent nation
2) MSY River would be the western boundary of that nation
3) Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada
4)Americans would pay debts owed to merchants and honor loyalist claims
Republican Motherhood
Now that America was created, women had a job to educate their children to be good citizens and teach them abt America