AP BIO Unit 2.2

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What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in cellular function?

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41 Terms

1

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in cellular function?

It provides mechanical support, carries out protein synthesis, and plays a role in intracellular transport.

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2

What is the function of lysosomes?

They contain hydrolytic enzymes important for intracellular digestion, recycling organic materials, and apoptosis.

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3

What are vacuoles responsible for in a plant cell?

They are involved in the storage and release of macromolecules and waste products and aid in retention of water.

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4

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

In the matrix of the mitochondria.

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5

What reactions occur in the thylakoids?

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

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6

Where is ATP synthesized for cellular processes?

ATP is synthesized on the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae).

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7

What is the function of hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes?

They function to break down macromolecules for intracellular digestion, recycling materials, and apoptosis.

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8

Why is the cristae highly folded?

Increased surface area provides more sites for the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis to synthesize ATP.

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9

Where is chlorophyll found in plant cells?

Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

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10

What is the stroma comparable to?

The stroma is comparable to the cytosol of a prokaryote.

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11

Which organelle is responsible for apoptosis?

Lysosomes are responsible for programmed cell death.

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12

How does increased surface area benefit rough ER?

It allows for more locations for ribosomes to bind and more sites for protein synthesis.

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13

Which organelle aids in turgor pressure in plants?

Vacuole aids in turgor pressure by storing water.

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14

What is turgor pressure?

It's the pressure from the central vacuole pushing against the cell wall due to water storage in a hypotonic environment.

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15

Where are photosystems located?

Photosystems are located in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

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16

What is a photosystem?

It is the light-capturing component of the chloroplast responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis.

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17

What process takes place on the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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18

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

In the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

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19

Where does the light-independent process occur?

The light-independent process, or Calvin cycle, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

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20

What are the roles of the Rough ER?

Compartmentalization, intracellular transport, mechanical support, and protein synthesis.

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21

What is the function of the double membrane in mitochondria?

It provides compartments for metabolic processes.

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22

Describe apoptosis.

Programmed cell death that involves breaking down cellular components, followed by engulfment by a macrophage.

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23

How are thylakoids organized?

Thylakoids are organized in stacks called grana.

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24

Where is ATP synthesized in plant cells?

ATP is synthesized in both the chloroplast and mitochondria.

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25

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

The ETC generates a protein gradient for ATP synthesis.

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26

What is the significance of the double membrane in mitochondria?

It separates the compartments involved in different metabolic processes.

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27

What are hydrolytic enzymes important for?

They are important for hydrolysis, breaking down macromolecules.

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28

Where does carbon fixation occur?

Carbon fixation occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

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29

What is turgor pressure's effect on plant cells?

It helps maintain the firmness of the plant cell by pushing against the cell wall.

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30

What is synthesized during the light-dependent reactions?

ATP and NADPH are synthesized during the light-dependent reactions.

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31

What is the role of ribosomes on rough ER?

They facilitate the synthesis of proteins that are either secreted or integrated into membranes.

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32

The _____ is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP.

mitochondria

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33

___ are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll.

Chloroplasts

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34

The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy is called _____ respiration.

cellular

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35

In the chloroplast, the _____ cycle is where carbon fixation occurs.

Calvin

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36

The structure that maintains the shape of plant cells and provides support is called the _____.

cell wall

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37

During ____-dependent reactions, light energy is captured and converted to chemical energy.

light

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38

The _____ is the watery fluid inside the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle takes place.

stroma

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39

The _____ endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and has no ribosomes on its surface.

smooth

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40

____ are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions.

Organelles

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41

Ribosomes can be found freely floating in the _____ or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

cytosol

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