measurements & dates

Amylase rises rapidly within __-__ hours with acute pancreatitis.

3 - 6

Lipase increases (1)__-__ hours, peaks at (2)__ hours, and remains elevated for (3)__-__ days.

1. 3 - 6

2. 24

3. 8 - 14

When is the main pancreatic duct considered dilated?

Greater than 2 mm

Pancreatic serous cystadenomas measure how large?

Less than 2 cm

Mucinous cystic neoplasms measure how large?

Greater than 2 cm

Adenocarcinoma is seen in men older than __.

55

What is the normal length measurement of the GB?

8 - 12 cm

How large can the CBD measure after a cholecystectomy?

10 mm

What is the general rule of the CBD with every decade of life past 50?

Increased diameter by 1 mm

At what measurement will GB polyps be considered malignant?

Greater than 10 mm

Primary biliary cirrhosis is followed up every (1)___ months to look for hepatocellularcarcinoma.

6

Biliary atresia occurs when jaundice persists beyond __ days of life.

14

Symptoms of a choledochal cyst can occur before what age?

10

What is the normal width measurement of the GB?

2.5 - 4 cm

The biliary ducts are considered normal when they measure…

Less than 2 mm

1. With biliary ascariasis, the worm can range __-__ cm in length.

2. And __ cm in diameter.

1. 20 - 30 cm

2. 6 cm

What should a normal GB wall measure?

Less than 3 mm

The GB wall is considered thickened when it measures what?

Greater than 3 mm

The GB lumen is considered distended when it measures what?

Greater than 5 mm

A GB is considered to have hydrops when it measures how large?

Greater than 5 cm

What is the overall survival rate for GB carcinoma?

Less than 5% chance

What should a normal CBD measure? (If the patient is younger than 60)

Less than or equal to 6 - 7 mm

What measurement considers the MPV dilated?

Greater than 1.3 cm or 13 mm

How large can a hepatoblastoma range when diagnosing?

10 - 12 cm

Velocity flow of a normal MPV should be what?

20 - 40 cm/s

Patients with portal HTN or cirrhosis will have a doppler waveform of what?

Below 20 cm/s

The hepatic artery provides __% of blood to the liver.

25%

The MPV provides __% of blood to the liver.

75%

A hepatic adenoma is considered very rare. It’ll only be seen in __% of the population.

0.5%

What percentage of patients with Infantile hepatic hemangioma have CHF?

50 - 60%

Majority of Infantile hepatic hemangioma cases are diagnosed within the first __ months of life.

6

Approximately __-__% of hepatic adenoma cases present with single adenoma.

70 - 80%

What percentage of patients with cirrhosis will develop HCC?

80%

The MPV is considered dilated when it is greater than __ mm/cm.

13 / 1.3

Portal flow is hepatofugal or slow when it measures below __ cm/s.

15

What should the normal pressure measure in the portal vein?

5 - 10 mmHg

A portal vein measuring how large suggests portal HTN? 

Greater than 13 mm/1.3 cm

What is the velocity of a normal TIPS doppler waveform?

Velocity 90 - 190 cm/s

How much will an abnormally high shunt velocity measure?

Greater than 190 cm/s

US is good at imaging cysts greater than __ cm. 

1

A normal portal vein will have a velocity between __-__ cm/s.

20 - 40 cm/s

Wilson’s Disease can be diagnosed between what age range?

5 - 35

A cirrhotic hepatic artery will have a resistive index (1)________ than (2)__.

1. Greater

2. 0.8

After a GORE Viatorr endoprosthesis is used for a TIPS procedure, how many days will it be until an US can be performed? 

3 - 5

What should the RI range between for a normal hepatic artery?

0.5 - 0.8

How much will an abnormally low shunt velocity measure?

Less than 50 cm/s

Hepatitis is considered chronic when it’s occurred for more than __ months. 

6

TIPS will be routinely checked every __ months.

6

A cirrhotic hepatic artery will have an RI greater than __. 

0.8

List the 2 localized diameter increases that will label an aneurysm, ‘AAA.’ 

• Greater than 3 cm

• Greater than 1½ times the diameter of the proximal aorta

What abnormal velocity is associated with celiac axis compression? 

> 200 cm/s

What is the velocity of a normal celiac axis with inspiration?

< 200 cm/s

The criteria for a fasting US for significant 70% mesenteric stenosis will show what kind of PSVs? (Be specific on which vessel)

• SMA > 275 cm/s

• Celiac artery > 200 cm/s

List the 2 reliable indicators for a 70% stenosis.

• SMA > 275 cm/s

• Celiac artery > 200 cm/s

At which age can aneurysms occur? 

Greater than 65

Rupture of an AAA is catastrophic with a mortality rate of __%.

50%

How large would an aneurysm measure to only have a follow up every 6 months? 

Less than 5 cm

How large would an aneurysm measure to be at risk for rupture? 

Greater than 5 cm

How large would an aneurysm measure to be advised for a repair or surgical intervention? 

Greater than 5.5 cm

A ruptured aneurysm is considered a surgical emergency with a high mortality rate.

What is the percentage of mortality for a ruptured aorta?

50%

What is the normal renal cortex measurement? 

Greater than 1 cm

What is an abnormal renal cortex measurement?

Less than 1 cm

What RI value indicates a diastole that is absent?

1.0

What is an abnormal RAR value?

Greater than 3.5

What RI value indicates a diastole that is 30% of systole?

0.7

An RI of 0.7 has what kind of diastole? 

30% of systole

What is the measurement for a distended bladder wall?

Less than 3 mm

What is the abnormal measurement for a distended bladder wall?

Greater than 3 mm

An abnormally high-grade stenosis will have what velocity?

Greater than 400 cm/s

How many stages are there for chronic kidney disease (CKD)? 

5

Renal artery stenosis is considered when narrowing is greater than __%.

50%

What RI value indicates a diastole that is 50% of systole?

0.5

An RI of 0.5 has what kind of diastole? 

50% of systole

What is the measurement for a non-distended bladder wall?

Less than 5 mm

What is the abnormal measurement for a non-distended bladder wall?

Greater than 5 mm

What is a normal RI?

Less than 0.7

What RI value indicates a diastole that is 30% of systole?

0.7

Which RI value would lead the sonographer to question if there is transplant dysfunction?

0.7 - 0.8

Which RI value would lead the sonographer to believe there is a transplant dysfunction?

Greater than 0.8

A hemodynamically significant stenosis (HSS) can produce a smaller renal size. 

What would that measurement be?

Less than 9 cm

Most moderate hydronephrosis cases seen in pediatric patients resolve by what age?

18 months

A moderate measurement of renal dilation in pediatrics will be what?

9 - 15 mm

A severe measurement of renal dilation in pediatrics will be what?

Greater than 15 mm

A stage 1 or 2 RCC tumor will measure…

Greater than 7 cm

How many ureters will drain urine from a single kidney with double collecting system?

2

Von Hippel Lindau Disease will present in what decades of life?

2nd or 3rd

Which stage of renal cell carcinoma is when the tumor extends into the renal vein or IVC?

3

What is the age range for diagnosis of Wilm’s Tumor?

Around 3.5 years

When would symptoms of ADPKD typically present? 

3rd to 4th decade of life

Hydroureter is when the ureter measures…

Greater than 3 mm

Hydronephrosis severity in full term infants is deemed how many hours after life?

Greater than 48

How many stages of renal cell carcinoma are there?

4

When can a lymphocele appear? 

4 - 8 weeks post op

Simple renal cysts typically occur in 50% of patients over the age of __.

50

Renal cell carcinoma commonly occurs between what age range?

60 - 70

What resistive index (RI) value is suggestive of obstructive hydronephrosis?

Greater than 0.7

How large would a ureter have to measure to be considered ‘megaureter’?

Greater than 7 mm

A normal measurement of renal dilation in pediatrics will be what?

Less than 7 mm

A mild measurement of renal dilation in pediatrics will be what?

7 - 8 mm

What is the average lifespan of a RBC?

120 days