Intro to Neuroscience: Homeostasis, Hunger, and Reward

What is homeostasis?

the body’s “internal balance”

What form of nutrient is the main source of energy for the brain?

Carbohydrates + glucose

Which form of nutrients is used by the muscles, cells, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters?

Protein + amino acids

Which form of nutrients is partially used for energy, while extra is stored in the adipose tissues?

Fats + fatty acids

Where is excess glucose converted into glycogen?

The liver

Stored fat can be broken down in order to produce ____?

Ketones

Glucagon converts ____ back into glucose.

Glycogen

Activity in the Lateral Hypothalamus is responsible for ____.

Appetite; activity in the LH makes us eat.

Damage to the Lateral Hypothalamus causes _____.

Lack of appetite; starvation

Activity in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus is responsible for ____.

satiety/fullness; activity in the VMH makes us stop eating

Damage to the Ventromedial Hypothalamus causes _____.

Weight gain + obesity, inability to feel full

Where are glucoreceptors located?

In the brainstem and the liver

What are glucoreceptors responsible for?

Measuring the body’s glucose levels in order to initiate eating