Module 4

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the Kingdom Plantae and their unique characteristics.

Diversity

The variety and differences among living organisms, particularly within the Kingdom Plantae.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Terrestrial adaptations

Physical changes in plants that allow them to survive on land, including roots, cuticle, and stomata.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Alternation of generations

The reproductive cycle in plants where a multicellular haploid generation produces gametes that fuse to form a diploid generation.

Gametophyte

The haploid phase in the plant life cycle that produces gametes.

Sporophyte

The diploid phase in the plant life cycle that produces haploid spores.

Nonvascular plants

Plants that lack vascular tissue, such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Vascular tissue

Specialized tissue in plants for conducting water and nutrients, comprising xylem and phloem.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water from roots to other parts of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports nutrients, such as sugars, throughout the plant.

Seed

A structure that contains an embryo and a supply of nutrients, encased in a protective outer coat.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a carpel.

Gymnosperms

Non-flowering plants that produce seeds on the surface of cones.

Coevolution

The process by which two or more species influence each other's evolution, such as flowering plants and pollinators.

Mutualistic relationship

A relationship between two species where both parties benefit.

Stomata

Pores on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange and water loss.

Carpel

The female reproductive part of a flower that contains ovary and ovules.

Anther

The part of a flower that produces pollen, the male gametophyte.

Cuticle

A waxy, water-tight covering on plant stems and leaves that aids in water conservation.

Carnivorous plants

Plants that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals.