European Colonization of North America (1565-1650)

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the early European colonization of North America, focusing on Spanish, French, and Dutch interactions with Native American populations.

Huguenots

French Protestants who sought to escape persecution and established colonies on the South Atlantic coast in the 1560s.

St. Augustine

The first permanent European settlement in the modern United States, established by the Spaniards in 1565.

Encomienda

A grant of land and indigenous laborers given to Spanish conquistadors, allowing them to extract labor and resources.

Jesuit Missions

Religious missions established by the Society of Jesus to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity and encourage agricultural methods.

Predestination

The Calvinist belief that God has predetermined who will be saved and who will be damned, regardless of individual behavior.

Puritans

A group of English reformers who sought to purify the Church of England from within, advocating for a simpler form of worship.

Separatists

Dissenters who wanted to break away completely from the Church of England to form independent congregations.

New Netherland

The Dutch colony in North America, established for trade, particularly in beaver pelts, with a focus on economic gain rather than large-scale colonization.

Quebec

A French settlement established in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, known for its defensible position and fur trade monopoly.

Montreal

Founded in 1642 as a French trading post, located at the falls of the Saint Lawrence River.