History2020 - Exam 3 - The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression

Post War Recession

Economic downturn from 1919 to 1920.

Consumer Goods

Rapid growth in products available for purchase.

Mass Production

Manufacturing process that produces large quantities.

Henry Ford

Pioneer of the moving assembly line.

Model T

Affordable car priced at $260.

Installment Plan

Payment method allowing gradual purchase of cars.

Charles Lindbergh

First solo transatlantic flight from New York to Paris.

Radio Craze

Massive popularity of radio in the 1920s.

Radio Act 1927

Established regulations for radio broadcasting.

Federal Communication Commission (FCC)

Regulatory body for communications in the U.S.

Refrigerators

Appliances replacing ice boxes in households.

Movie Industry

Mass consumption of films in the 1920s.

Ku Klux Klan

Anti-foreign organization with five million members.

Immigration Act of 1924

Established quotas limiting foreign immigration.

Prohibition

Period from 1920 to 1933 banning alcohol.

Speakeasy

Illegal bar during Prohibition era.

Golden Age of Gangsterism

Profitable illegal alcohol trade during Prohibition.

Election of 1920

First election allowing women to vote nationwide.

Tea Pot Dome Scandal

Bribery scandal involving federal land leasing.

Calvin Coolidge

Became president after Harding's death.

Bureau of Budget

Helps prepare the federal budget.

Warren Harding

President known for 'Return to Normalcy' slogan.

Tariff Raised

Increased taxes on imported goods.

Calvin Coolidge

30th President known for economic prosperity.

Isolationism

Policy of avoiding international alliances and conflicts.

Dawes Plan

American loans to Germany for reparations payments.

Reparations

Payments imposed on Germany totaling $32 billion.

Herbert Hoover

31st President, self-made millionaire from humble beginnings.

$16 Billion

Amount loaned by the U.S. during WWI.

Al Smith

First Catholic major presidential candidate in 1928.

Rum, Romanism, and Ruin

Republican slogan against Al Smith's candidacy.

Radio's Role

Medium that favored Hoover in 1928 election.

1928 Election

Hoover won by a landslide against Smith.

Roaring Twenties

Period of economic prosperity and cultural change.

Bull Market

Stock market condition with rising prices.

Margin Buying

Borrowing funds to purchase stocks.

Frantic Buying

Intense stock purchasing in late 1920s.

Great Depression

Severe worldwide economic downturn starting 1929.

Unemployment Rate

Skyrocketed during the Great Depression.

Bank Failures

Thousands of banks collapsed during the Depression.

Great Glut

Excessive production leading to economic issues.

High Tariff

Trade restrictions contributing to economic decline.

Hoovervilles

Makeshift towns for homeless during the Depression.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Government loans to businesses and states.

Bonus Army

Veterans demanding immediate payment of bonuses in 1932.

Bloody Confrontation

Violent removal of Bonus Army by Hoover.

Election of 1932

Roosevelt defeated Hoover in a landslide victory.

New Deal

Roosevelt's program for economic recovery and reform.

Fireside Chats

Roosevelt's radio broadcasts to connect with Americans.

Emergency Banking Act 1933

Legislation to restore confidence in banks.

Glass-Steagall Act

Prohibited risky investments with depositors' funds.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Insures bank deposits to prevent panics.

Securities Exchange Act 1934

Established SEC to regulate stock market practices.

Insider Trading Laws

Regulations against trading based on non-public information.

21st Amendment

Legalized wine and beer, repealing Prohibition.

Prohibition

Constitutional amendment ended by special conventions.

New Deal Programs

Initiatives with acronyms addressing economic recovery.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Program for unemployed men aged 17-28.

Federal Emergency Relief Act 1933

Provided federally funded jobs for local governments.

Civilian Works Administration (CWA)

Emergency program offering temporary employment.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Federal project for dams and hydroelectric power.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Largest New Deal agency impacting U.S. communities.

Federal Arts Project

WPA initiative supporting arts and culture.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought causing uninhabitable plains regions.

Huey Long

Louisiana senator advocating for wealth redistribution.

Share Our Wealth Program

Long's initiative to tax wealthy for family support.

"Every man a King"

Long's slogan promoting economic equality.

Long's Assassination

Killed in state capital in September.

Drought and Wind

Natural causes of Dust Bowl devastation.

Mechanized Farming

Agricultural practice contributing to Dust Bowl.

2.5 Million People

Population affected by TVA projects.

$13 Billion

Investment in Tennessee Valley Authority initiatives.

Long-term Projects

TVA aimed at sustainable regional development.

Emergency Employment

Temporary jobs created during economic crises.

Social Security Act

Established retirement pensions and unemployment insurance.

Unemployment Insurance

Federal-state program funded by payroll taxes.

Disability Payments

Financial support for individuals unable to work.

Election of 1936

Roosevelt defeated Alf Landon in a landslide.

Franklin Roosevelt

Democratic president during the New Deal era.

Alf Landon

Moderate Republican opposing Roosevelt in 1936.

Twentieth Amendment

Changed presidential inauguration to January 20th.

Lame Duck Period

Time between election loss and inauguration.

Court Packing Plan

Roosevelt's proposal to add justices to Supreme Court.

New Deal Laws

Legislation aimed at economic recovery during Great Depression.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Established minimum wage and 40-hour work week.

Roosevelt Recession

Economic downturn in 1937 affecting New Deal progress.

Supreme Court Justices

Six justices over seventy resisted New Deal laws.

Republican Opposition

Republicans criticized Roosevelt's deficit spending policies.

Democratic Majorities

Democrats controlled both houses of Congress post-1936.

International Affairs

Shift in focus due to global tensions in 1937.

Fascism

Political ideology emphasizing strong, centralized authority.

Germany and Japan

Nations rising in power prior to World War II.

New Deal Momentum

Slowed due to economic and international challenges.

Supreme Court Sympathy

Court became more favorable towards New Deal policies.

Labor Restrictions

Limited work hours for those under 16 years old.

Fascism

Quasi-religious ideology emphasizing nationalism and unity.

Ultra Nationalism

Extreme pride in one's nation, often excluding others.

Benito Mussolini

Italian leader who established Fascism in Italy.

Il Duce

Title meaning 'The Leader' used by Mussolini.

The Weimar Republic

German government post-WWI, faced economic challenges.