Exercise Physiology Final Exam TTU

There are 3 factors required to maintain the resting membrane potential. Among these factors, _____ is/are the MOST important for maintaining the ion concentration gradient.

Na+/K+ ATPase pump

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a stretching technique. This technique activates _____, which _____ the antagonist muscle.

Golgi tendon organs, contracts

The binding of a myosin head to an actin binding site is the result of___________.

Calcium

The myosin head is made up of

Myosin ATPase

Which of the following explain(s) why type II muscle fibers are recruited last?

Size Principle

The membrane potential is the difference between the center of the inside cell and the outside cell.

False

At the onset of exercise, the increase in HR and SV is/are consistently a result of

O2 demand

What information can you determine from having systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement?

It is Systolic pressure- diastolic pressure = Pulse pressure

A novice runner has decided to train for a marathon; his finish time has improved significantly after months of endurance training. The following adaptations within muscles are expected, EXCEPT

Increase in

resistance fatigue

type I muscle fibers

mitochondrial density/capillary density

oxidative capacity

During moderate to intense endurance exercise, all of the following factors contribute to local vasodilation, EXCEPT

Potential vasodilators: O2 tension, CO2 tension, pH, Potassium, adenosine, and nitric oxide

During endurance exercise, stroke volume increases. This can be achieved via the Frank-Starling mechanism by increasing the _____ or via increased ventricular contractility by reducing the _____.

EDV, increased venous return, contractility, average aortic blood pressure

During exercise in the extreme heat, the following factor(s) contribute to the increase in oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation, EXCEPT

Temperature

pH or acidity

2-3,DPG

Based on the Bohr effect, an increase in oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation during exercise is the result of

Increased in acidity

Decreased in pH

After resistance training, stroke volume increases at rest. This physiological adaptation is the result of the

Left ventricle hypertrophy (wall thickening)

Hyperventilation occurs when someone breathes at a very fast rate and exhales more than they inhale. This is a technique used in diving (without equipment), which can prolonged breath holding. The technique of hyperventilating can prolong breath holding because it

removes CO2 from the blood

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ and FADH2?

Hydrogen carrier molecules that transport hydrogen and electrons due to it accounting for the vast majority of ATP production during aerobic metabolism

What is/are the functions of enzymes

facilitates a chemical reaction

Enzyme lowers the energy necessary for reaction to take place

Does not cause the reaction but facilitates and increases the speed

Regeneration of ATP occurs in the _____ for ATP-PC system, _____ for glycolysis, and _____ for oxidative metabolism.

Cytosol, sarcoplasm; mitochondrial matrix

The driving force for ATP synthase to generate ATP is

Hydrogen ions

The absence of which of the following(s) will ultimately stop the oxidative metabolism?

Oxygen

During intense exercise in the extreme heat, which of the following factor(s) can cause damage to an enzyme?

pH and temperature

The onset of blood lactate accumulation can result in

over 4.0 mM

Sharp increase in acidity

Which of the following hormone signaling method do/does not involve the circulatory system?

Autocrine, Paracrine

Steroid hormone requires carrying protein for transportation is because it is

Hydrophobic

The following(s) is/are the common characteristics of peptide and amine hormones, EXCEPT?

need transmembrane receptors

cannot diffuse through the cell membrane

What factors can determine the magnitude of effect of a hormone?

Concentration of the hormone

Number of receptors on the cell

Affinity of the receptor for the hormone

Locks and Keys concept applies to:

Enzymes and their substrates

Hormones and their specific receptors

What is/are the similarity(s) between G-coupled protein receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors?

Regulate indirect signaling

Glycogen and glucose

The following hormone(s) is/are released when the hypothalamus-pituitary gonadal axis is stimulated, EXCEPT?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, LH, FSH, Estrogen, Testosterone

The following hormone(s) is/are released when the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis is stimulated, EXCEPT?

Corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH, Cortisol

Which of the following hormone(s) has/have a gender difference(s) in response to resistance exercise?

GH, Testosterone

The following hormone(s) is/are released when the Sympathoadrenal medullary axis is stimulated.

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Which of the following hormone(s) is/are released when the hypothalamus-pituitary somatotropic axis is stimulated?

GHRH, GH, IGF-1

Which of the hormone(s) is/are released during low blood glucose?

Cortisol, Glucagon

Which of the endocrine gland(s) is/are the "master gland(s)"?

Anterior Pituitary gland, Hypothalamus

Which of the following is/are not important for glycogenolysis?

Growth hormone

Which of the following is/are important for free fatty acid usage during prolonged exercise?

CHO reserves become depleted — reply more on oxidation of fat for energy production

increased hormones that are responsible for lipolysis to ensure energy needs can be met

Adipose tissue triglycerides — broken down to FFAs — taken up by the muscles

Which of the following(s) is/are important for maintaining blood (plasma) glucose concentration during exercise?

increases glucagon

increases epinephrine and norepinephrine

Work together to increase glycogenolysis

Increases growth hormone

Mobilize free fatty acids

Decrease cellular uptake of glucose

Thyroid hormone increases

During prolonged activity, the rate of breaking down free fatty acids increase is the result of:

Rate of lipolysis

decrease in cortisol

decrease in insulin

Which of the following gland(s) is/are not important for metabolism during exercise?

thyroid, parathyroid, kidney, testes