A&P CH2 PG17

Why are phospholipids ideal for cell membrane?

Because they are amphipathic

What are membranes?

barriers that separate two water areas from each other

What happens when phospholipids form membranes?

The hydrophobic fatty acid portions all gathered together away from the water areas, and the hydrophilic phosphate head groups are inserted into the water.

Heads or tails?

Polar/hydrophilic

Heads

Heads or tails?

Non-polar/hydrophobic

tails

How do the heads and tails of the phospholipids for membranes?

In water:

1. heads face outward towards water and

2. tails face inward away from water

3. this forms a bilayer

What does this bilayer do?

This creates:

1. a barrier, selective,

2. permeability,

3. stability,

4. flexibility

Why are the polar head groups and non-polar tales of phospholipid ideal for cell membrane structure?

Because it

1. keeps harmful substances out controls,

2. nutrient entry

3. maintain cell homeostasis

What is a steroid?

Fat molecules that are made from cholesterol

Steroids are lipids that:

1. Derived from cholesterol

2. multi rating structure,

3. mostly nonpolar

Name a few examples of steroids

1. Cholesterol

2. estrogen,

3. testosterone

4. cortisol

5. aldosterone

How might steroids be transported in blood?

They are carried by transport proteins because they are nonpolar.

What is an eicosanoid?

An important type of fat made from omega 6 and omega-3 fatty acids

Prostaglandin are derived from

Fatty acids

List, somebody processes regulated by prostaglandins

1. Pain

2. inflammation

3. fever

4. blood

5. pressure,

6. labor

7. clotting

Tesla Plays Songs in E-cars

1. Triglycerides

2. Phospholipids

3. Steroids

4. Eicosanoids

What are protein?

chains of amino acids, and there are 20 different amino acids

Because sequence variesthere’s huge variety of proteins. What’s an example of this?

With 100 amino acids → 1.3×10^130 possible proteins

True or false

Some amino acids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic

True

How do polar and nonpolar amino acids affect protein shape?

1. Fold into specific shapes

2. form 3-D structures

3. become functional

4. shape equals function

Proteins contain CHON(S)

1. Carbon,

2. hydrogen,

3. oxygen,

4. nitrogen,

5. sometimes sulfur

what are functions of proteins?

1. Enzymes → speed reactions

2. structural → hair, nails, collagen,

3. transport,→ hemoglobin,

4. defend → antibodies,

5. movement, →acting, and myosin

6. signaling →hormones, receptors

7. storage →ferritin

What are enzymes?

Proteins that:

1. speed up chemical reactions

2. lower activation energy

3. are reusable

Why are enzymes important?

Without enzymes reactions are too slow, and life would be impossible

Speed reactions

Enzymes

CHONS

Protein elements

regulation

Eicosanoids

Rings

Steroids

Amphipathic

Phospholipid