Southern Africa

When were David Livingstone’s Zambesi expeditions?

1858-1864

Which missions were established in modern day Malawi in the 1860s and 70s?

Anglican and Presbyterian

Where were British settlements established in modern day Malawi?

Shire Highlands

Which act created a federation in Canada?

British North America Act 1867

Who was Colonial Secretary in 1867

Lord Carnarvon

When did Britain annex Basutoland (modern day Lesotho)?

1868

Which King of Lesotho sought British aid against the Boers?

Moshoeshoe I

Where were diamonds discovered near in 1867?

Kimberly (West Griqualand) on the Orange River

When did Britain take West Griqualand after the discovery of diamonds?

1871

When did Britain take Griqualand East?

1874

When was Cape Colony given responsible government?

1872

Which British governor resisted the growing independence movement in the Cape in the 1860s?

Sir Wodehouse

Who was the Cape prime minister in 1872?

John Molteno

When was Sir Bartle Frere sent by Lord Carnarvon to Cape Colony as High Commissioner for southern Africa?

1877

When was a resolution passed by the Cape parliament stating that any scheme in favour of confederation must originate locally?

1875

When was the Xhosa War?

1877-79

Which territory was annexed during the Xhosa War 1877-9?

Fingoland

Who was the Zulu King in 1878

Cetewayo

When did Sir Bartle Frere make impossible demands on Cetewayo?

1878

When was the Anglo Zulu War?

1879

Which battle did the Zulus defeat the British at?

Isandlwana

Who won the 1880 election?

The Liberal Party

Who did Lord Carnarvon send on a special commission to the Transvaal in 1877?

Theophilus Shepstone

When did Lord Carnarvon send Theophilus Shepstone on a special commission to the Transvaal?

1877

Following his arrival where in 1877 did Theophilus Shepstone issue a proclamation announcing the establishment of British authority over the Transvaal?

Pretoria

When was the first Boer War?

1880-1

At what battle was Britain defeated by the Boers in the first Boer War?

Majuba Hill

When was German South West Africa established?

1884

When did Britain annex Bechuanaland?

1885

When was gold discovered at the Witwatersrand in the Transvaal?

1886

When did Rhodes purchase his first batch of Witwatersrand gold?

1887

From when did the Transvaal government led by Paul Kruger pass a series of laws refusing voting rights and citizenship to uitlanders, coupled with increased taxation on gold and dynamite?

1890

What was taxed heavily by Paul Kruger?

Gold and dynamite

When was the British South Africa Company chartered?

1889

When was a territorial skirmish with Portugal along the Zambezi dissolved by an ultimatum issued by Lord Salisbury?

1890

The annexation of the British Central Africa Protectorate followed which treaties?

Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty 1890 and Anglo-Portuguese treaty 1891

When was the British Central Africa Protectorate annexed to prevent Portuguese annexation of the region? (interest in region established by Livingstone 1858)

1891

Who resisted British South Africa Company rule of the British Central Africa Protectorate?

Scottish missionaries

What did the British Central Africa Protectorate become in 1907?

Nyasaland

When did Cecil Rhodes become Prime Minister of Cape Colony?

1890

What did Cecil Rhodes seek to do to black people by pushing them from their lands?

‘Stimulate them to labour’

Which act passed by Rhodes introduced high property requirements for voting, effectively barring most black people from political participation?

Franchise and Ballot Act 1892

Which act passed by Rhodes limited the amount of land black people could own and forced Xhosa men into commercial farms for poorly paid wage labour?

Glen Grey Act of 1894

What did Rhodes say about black people voting?

‘The native is to be treated as a child and denied the franchise’

Why did Alfred Milner seek to bring white settlers into southern Africa?

To ‘anglicise the region’

When was the First Matabele War?

1893-4

British South Africa Company victory in the First Matabele War 1893-4 led to the incorporation of what into what became known as Southern Zambesia?

Matabeleland

Which Ndebele King escaped following British South Africa Company victory in the First Matabele War?

Lobengula

When was a hut tax introduced in Mashonaland and Matabeleland?

1894

When was the Jameson raid?

1895-6

Between 1895-6, Rhodes and which fellow gold magnate launched the Jameson raid from Rhodesia against the Transvaal, intending to trigger an Uiltander uprising?

Alfred Beit

What did Rhodes wish to secure control of through the Jameson raid?

Johannesburg gold mining industry

When was the Second Boer War?

1899-1902

A few days after the raid, who sent a telegram congratulating Kruger on repelling the raid, which was reported on by the British press, creating a storm of anti-German sentiment?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

When was the Second Matabele War?

1896-7

Which groups fought against Britain in the Second Matabele War?

Ndebele and Shona

When did the British South Africa Company attempt to acquire the Bechuanaland Protectorate?

1895

Who visited London to protest the British South Africa Company attempt to acquire the Bechuanaland Protectorate in 1895?

Tswana chiefs

Which conference preceded the Second Boer War?

Bloemfontein Conference

Which mining syndicate owners pushed for the Second Boer War?

Barney Barnato and Lionel Phillips

When was the ‘khaki election’?

1900

What did Salisbury say to Victoria?

‘We have no army capable of meeting even a second-class Continental Power'

What was the financial cost of the Boer War?

210 million

What percent of potential recruits were unfit for service due to poverty-related illnesses such as rickets during the Second Boer War?

40%

Which publication criticised the decline in ‘fighting quality’ amongst British men?

With the flag to Pretoria

People from which countries volunteered on behalf of the Boers during the Second Boer War?

Germany, United States, Russia, Australia and Ireland

Which critic of empire rose to prominence during the Second Boer War?

JA Hobson

When did a report by Emily Hobhouse exposing the British use of concentration camps provoke public outrage?

1901

In 1901, a report by who exposed the British use of concentration camps?

Emily Hobhouse

How many civilians died in British concentration camps during the Second Boer War?

Over 45,000

What did David Lloyd George accused the government of during the Second Boer War?

A ‘policy of extermination’

What league of liberal imperialists was created by those who supported the Boer War including HH Asquith?

Liberal Imperial League

When was the first war crimes trial in British military history conducted?

1901

When were two British Army lieutenants executed by firing squad for the murder of POWs?

1902

In the aftermath of the Second Boer War, when did the Conservatives suffer a landslide defeat?

1906

Which treaty ended the Second Boer War?

Treaty of Vereeniging 1902

When was responsible self-government granted to the Boer territories?

1905 and 1908

When was the Union of South Africa created?

1910

When was a hut tax introduced in parts of what later became Northern Rhodesia?

1902

What was hut tax in Northern Rhodesia designed to be equivalent to?

Two months' wages

When was a scandal involving the racial abuse of Chinese labourers in southern Africa highly publicised by the press and parliamentary moves to censure Milner for allowing the use of corporal punishment?

1905

How many people signed a petition expressing high appreciation of the services rendered by Milner to the empire following moves to censure him in 1905?

Over 370,000

When did a group of anti-British pro-German Boers launch an uprising in South Africa?

1914

Which Afrikaner nationalist party was created in 1914 by JBM Hertzog?

The National Party

Who was South African Prime Minister in 1914?

Louis Botha

Who was South African Defence Minister in 1914?

Jan Smuts

What were South African politicians Louis Botha and Jan Smuts members of during WW1?

Imperial War Cabinet

How many white South Africans fought in the Middle East and on the Western Front during WW1?

136,000

How many black South Africans fought in WW1?

25,000

When did Rhodesian settlers reject incorporation into the Union of South Africa?

1922

When was Southern Rhodesia annexed by Britain?

1923

Following the granting of ‘special quasi-independent status’ for Southern Rhodesia, Britain technically retained some reserved powers designed to safeguard British commercial interests and to protect the rights of who, however Whitehall never attempted to enforce these, and an attempt to do so likely would have provoked a crisis?

Black Africans

In Southern Rhodesia, although what used non-racial language, the voting qualifications of personal income, education and property ownership effectively barred most black people from political participation?

The 1923 Constitution

In Southern Rhodesia, which act reserved about half of the country for white ownership and residence – despite white settlers making up about 5% of the population?

Land Apportionment Act 1930

What percent of the Southern Rhodesia population was white in 1930?

5%

What percent of land was reserved for white settlers in Southern Rhodesia by the Land Apportionment Act 1930?

50%

Rhodesian authorities actively pushed white reproduction and further European migration into the area, whilst encouraging what for black people, hoping that by altering Rhodesia’s demographics they would have a stronger position with which to petition the British government for greater autonomy?

‘Family planning’

In the Union of South Africa, when did the white population win what was effectively self-governance?

1923

What report declared Britain and the Dominions constitutionally equal?

Balfour Declaration 1926

Which act designated only 8% of South Africa's available land for black ownership?

1913 Natives' Land Act