Bio Exam 1

fossil record

any trace of an organism that lived in the past

adaptive radiation

the rapid diversification of a lineage into a large number of species, each with adaptations that allow them to exploit different resources and habitats

extinction

the demise of a species, meaning that no individuals of that species are still alive

niche

the range of resources and environments that a species uses

mass extinction

an event where over 50% of the species currently alive disappear in less than one million years

homologous traits

monophyletic group

homology

homoplasy

paraphyletic

prokaryote/bacteria characteristics

eukaryote characteristics

archaea characteristics

archaeic

eukaryotic

prokaryotic

heterotrophic

aerobic

autotrophic

fitness tradeoff

genetic drift

genetic diversity

founder event/effect

genetic bottleneck effect

gene flow

mutation

(rapid) speciation

The process of genetic isolation and genetic divergence that is responsible for the creation of new species.

natural selection

stabilizing selection

directional selection

disruptive selection

genetic divergence

genetic isolation

polyploidy

fitness

the ability to produce viable offspring

adaptation

evolution

artificial selection

species

An evolutionary independent unit in nature—meaning, a population or group of populations that is genetically isolated from others and is thus changing under the effects of natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation independently of others.

population

A group of individuals from the same geographic region that regularly mate together.