SYG2000 Chapter 1 Study Guide

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29 Terms

1
Sociology
The systematic study of society and social interaction.
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2
Sociological Imagination
The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences.
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3
Social Facts
The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.
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4
Figurational Sociology
The study of the networks of interdependent human beings.
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5
Positivism
The scientific study of social patterns.
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6
Antipositivism
The view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they work to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values.
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7
Quantitative Sociology
Uses statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.
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8
Qualitative Sociology
Seeks to understand human behavior by learning about it through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and analysis of content sources.
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9
Micro-level Theories
The study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups.
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10
Macro-level Theories
The study of large-scale social structures and how they affect groups and individuals.
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11
Functionalism
A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals.
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12
Conflict Theory
A theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources.
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13
Symbolic Interactionism
A micro-level theory that focuses on the relationships among individuals within a society.
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14
Constructivism
An extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be.
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15

Dramaturgical analysis

Views society through the metaphor of theatrical performance

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16

Dynamic Equilibrium

A stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

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17

Dysfunctions

Social Patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

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18

Figuration

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

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19

Function

The part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity

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20

Generalized others

The organized and generalized attitude of a social group

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21

Grand theories

An attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change

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22

Latent functions

Th unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

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23

Manifest functions

Sought consequences of a social process

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24

Paradigms

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

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25

Reification

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material exisistance

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26

Significant others

Specific individuals that impact a person’s life

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27

Social solidarity

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion

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28

Theory

A proposed explanation about social interactions or society

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29

Verstehen

A German term meaning to understand in a deep way.

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