anatomy exam 3 sg 3

What are the functions of the respiratory system

Gas exchange, voice production, olfaction, pH regulation

What are the basic structures of the respiratory system

upper and lower tract

upper tract

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

lower tract

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Nose & Nasal Cavity function

Filter, warm, humidify air

nose and naval cavity structure

Septum, conchae, nostrils, vestibule, choanae

Pharynx

Nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils), oropharynx (palatine, lingual), laryngopharynx

Larynx

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid, arytenoid, epiglottis, vocal cords (sound)

gas exchange happens when

at restpatory membrane

right lung has how many lobes

3

left lung has how many lobes

2

apex surface

top of lung

base surface

bottom of lung

costal surface

ribs

mediastinal surafce

heart

Hilum

Entry/exit for bronchi, vessels

Pleura

Visceral, parietal; pleural cavity reduces friction

Medulla: breathing centers

inspiratory & expiratory centers

Pons: breathing centers

Apneustic (stimulates inhale), Pneumotaxic (limits inhale)

Normal: breathing inspiration

Diaphragm, external intercostals

deep; breathing inspiration

SCM, scalenes, pectorals

passive; breathing expiration

Elastic recoil

active; breathing expiration

internal intercostals, abdominal muscles