apush unit 5 a vocab

Manifest Destiny

The phrase __________ expressed the popular belief that the United States had a divine mission to extend its power and civilization across the breadth of North America.

Sam Houston

When Santa Anna attempted to enforce Mexico’s laws in Texas, a group of American settlers led by ________ revolted and declared Texas an independent republic in March 1836.

the Alamo

A Mexican army led by Santa Anna captured the town of Goliad and attacked _________ in San Antonio, killing every one of its American defenders.

Election of 1844

The possibility of annexing Texas and allowing the expansion of slavery split the Democratic Party in 1844. The party’s Northern wing opposed immediate annexation and wanted to nominate former president Martin Van Buren to run again in the ____________.

James K. Polk

They chose ___________ of Tennessee, a protégé of Andrew Jackson, who was firmly committed to Manifest Destiny.

“Fifty-four Forty or Fight!”

The Democratic slogan of ___________ appealed strongly to American Westerners and Southerners who were in an expansionist mood.

General Zachary Taylor

While Slidell waited for Mexico’s response to the U.S. offer, Polk ordered __________ to move his army toward the Rio Grande, across territory claimed by Mexico.

John C. Fremont

Backed by only several dozen soldiers, a few navy officers, and American civilians who had recently settled in northern California, __________ quickly overthrew Mexican rule in the region in June 1846.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo/Mexican cession

The __________ negotiated by diplomat Nicholas Trist with Mexico consisted of terms favorable to the United States.

The United States took possession of the former Mexican provinces of California and New Mexico was called the ___________.

Wilmot Proviso

_________ the issue of slavery made the U.S. entry into a war with Mexico controversial from start to finish. In 1846, Pennsylvania Congressman David Wilmot proposed that an appropriations bill be amended to forbid slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico.

Ostend Manifesto

___________ President Polk offered to purchase Cuba from Spain for $100 million, but Spain refused to sell the last major remnant of its once glorious empire in the Americas.

Gadsden Purchase

__________ Although he failed to acquire Cuba, President Pierce succeeded in purchasing a small strip of land from Mexico in 1853 for $10 million.

Free-Soil Party

In 1848, Northerners who opposed allowing slavery in the territories organized the __________, which adopted the slogan “free soil, free labor, and free men.”

Popular Sovereignty

____________ A Democratic senator from Michigan, Lewis Cass, proposed a compromise solution that soon won considerable support from moderates across the country.

Compromise of 1850

The passage of the _____________ bought time for the Union. Because California was admitted as a free state, the compromise added to the North’s political power.

Nativists/nativism

In the 1840’s, hostility to these immigrants, known as _________, led to sporadic rioting in the big cities.

Fugitive Slave Law (1850)

The passage of a strict ____________ in 1850 persuaded many Southerners to accept that California would be a free state. However, many Northerners bitterly resented the law.

Underground Railroad

The ____________ was a loose network of activists who helped enslaved people escape to freedom in the North or Canada. Most of the “conductors” and those operating the “stations” were free African Americans and people who escaped slavery themselves with the assistance of White abolitionists.

Harriet Tubman

The most famous conductor was __________, a women who had escaped slavery. She made at least 19 trips into the South to help some 300 people escape.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin/Harriet Beecher Stowe

The publication of ____________ in 1852 by the Northern writer _____________ moved a generation of Northerners and many Europeans to regard all slave owners as cruel and inhuman.

Impending Crisis of the South

_____________ Appearing in 1857, Hinton R. Helper’s nonfiction book, ____________, attacked slavery from another angle. The author, a native of North Carolina, used statistics to demonstrate to fellow Southerners that slavery weakened the South’s economy.

“Positive good” argument

Calhoun claims that slavery is ___________ instead of evil, his argument and his strong states ideology, characterize the entire debate over slavery until the Civil War.

George Fitzhugh

___________, the best-known proslavery author, questioned the principle of equal rights for “unequal men” and attacked the wage system as worse than slavery.