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nonverbal communication
nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning
nonverbal behavior
all the nonverbal actions people perform
nonverbal codes
distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use
kinesics
nonverbal communication sent bu the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior
gestures
nonverbal communication made with part of the body, including actions such as pointing, waving, or holding up a hand to direct people's attention
illustrators
signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal messages
emblems
gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning
adaptors
gestures used to manage emotions
regulators
gestures used to control conversation
immediacy
how close or involved people appear to be with each other
relaxation
the degree of tension displayed by one's body
paralinguistics
all aspects of spoken language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, stress
voice qualities
qualities such as speed, pitch, rhythm, vocal range, and articulation that make up the "music" of the human voice
vocalizations
uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language
chronemics
the study of the way people use time as a message
proxemics
the study of how people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships, to communicate
monochronically
engaging in one task or behavior
polychronically
engaging in multiple activities simultaneously
intimate distance
(0 to 18 inches) the space used when interacting with those with whome one is very close
personal distance
(18 inches to 4 feet) the spaces used when interacting with friends and acquaintances
social distance
(4 to 12 feet) the distance most U.S. Americans use when they interact with unfamiliar others
public distance
(12 to 25 feet) the distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances
haptics
the study of the communicative function of touch
professional touch
type of touch used by certain workers, such as dentists, hairstylists, and hospice workers, as part of their livelihood (functional touch)
functional touch
professional touch
social-polite touch
touch that is part of daily interaction in the U.S.; it is more intimate than professional touch but is still impersonal
friendship touch
touch that is more intimate than social touch and usually conveys warmth, closeness, and caring
love-intimate touch
the touch most often used with one's romantic partners and family
demand touching
a type of touch used to establish dominance and power
artifacts
clothes and other accessories
communicating information
using nonverbal behaviors to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and moods
regulating interaction
using nonverbal behaviors to help manage conversational interaction
expressing and managing intimacy
using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness
establishing social control
using nonverbal behavior to exercise influence over other people
service-task functions
using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts
congruent
verbal and nonverbal messages that express the same meaning
contradicting
verbal and nonverbal messages that send conflicting messages
