AP Bio - Unit 1: Biochemistry (Functional Groups)

what is a functional group

what is a functional group

a group of molecules that are responsible for organic molecule functional properties

what is hydroxyl

O-H // polar // the OH is unstable and can have two outcomes:

1. O takes the electron from H and becomes R-O and H+

2. the OH splits from the remainder and becomes R+ and OH-

what is carbonyl

C=O // polar // its possible that the O attracts a lone H Aldehyde --> C=O on the end of a molecule Keytones --> C=O in the middle of a molecule

what is carboxylic acid

O-H

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C acidic (if H+ is given away) and polar

\\

O

what is amino/amine

H-N-H // basic and polar

what is a phosphate group

O || O - P - OH Acidic and polar | O

what is sulfhydrl

S-H // polar // connects with di-sulfide bridge

What Macromolecules contain hydroxyl

carbohydrates, nucleic acids and some amino acids

what macromolecules contain carbonyl

protein and carbohydrates

what macromolecules contain carboxyl

amino acids and fatty acids

what macromolecules contain amino/amine

amino acids

what macromolecules contain phosphate groups

phospholipids and nucleic acid

what macromolecules contain sulfhydryl

protiens