3.3 Solids, Liquids and Gases

Particulate diagrams can be used to show:

The different properties between solids, liquids and gases.

For solids, do the particles have enough kinetic energy to move freely?

No

How do particles in solids move?

Vibrating

Is there much space between particles in solids?

No

Why is there not much space between the particles in solids?

Intermolecular forces hold the particles in place.

The fact that there is not much space between the particles in solids results in a:

Rigid, fixed volume and shape.

Can solids be compressed?

No

Why can’t solids be compressed?

Minimal space between particles

Location of particles in solid can be:

Crystalline or amorphous

Structure of crystalline solids:

Repeating three-dimensional structure

Structure of amorphous solids:

Disordered particles

Do crystalline and amorphous solids have enough kinetic energy to move freely?

No

Are particles close together for liquids?

Yes

Can particles slide and row around in liquids?

Yes

Why can particles slide and row around in liquids?

Gained enough kinetic energy

Can liquids take the shape of their container?

Yes

Why can liquids take the shape of their container?

Molecules have gained enough kinetic energy to slide and roll around

Are liquids compressable?

No

Why aren’t liquids compressable?

Close contact of particles

Size of solids and liquids of the same substance:

Approximately same

Why are the sizes of solids and liquids of the same substance approximately the same?

Particles are close together in both states

The temperature range where a substance is a liquid is determined by the:

Strength of the intermolecular forces

The temperature range where a substance is a liquid can be compared by analyzing:

Strength of hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and London Dispersion forces

In gases, can particles overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together?

Yes

Why can particles overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together in gases?

Gained enough kinetic energy

Distance between particles in gases:

Far apart

Speed of particles in gases:

Quick

Why are particles far apart and move quickly in gases?

Gained enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the particles together.

Can gases be easily compressed?

Yes

Why can gases be easily compressed?

Particles are far apart

Do gases take the shape of their container?

Yes

Why do gases take the shape of their container?

Particles can move freely

Is there regularly arrangement of particles in gases?

No

The frequency and strength of collisions between particles and the container is dependent on the:

temperature, pressure, and volume.

What aspects of collisions between particles and the container is dependent on the temperature, pressure, and volume?

Frequency and strength

How to show phase changes in particle diagrams?

By combining them to show two distinct layers

Combined particle diagrams have properties of:

Each of the desired states