DNA Structure

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15 Terms

1

Fredrick Griffith

Made scientists interested in studying DNA through his experiments in 1928.

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2

Oswald Avery

Discovered that DNA is the molecule responsible for the transfer of genetic material in 1944.

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3

Martha Hershey & Alfred Chase

Confirmed that DNA is definitely the genetic material in 1952.

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4

Edwin Chargaff

Discovered that the amount of adenine = the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine = the amount of guanine in 1950.

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5

Roslind Franklin

Used x-ray diffraction to get an image structure of DNA in 1951.

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6

James Watson & Francis Crick

Used Chargaff & Franklin’s work to determine the structure of DNA, and built the first double helix model in 1953.

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7

What are the 3 things that DNA does?

Stores and copies hereditary information, and transmits hereditary information to future generations.

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8

Which macromolecule makes up DNA?

Nucleic Acid.

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9

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? What are the 3 things that make up these building blocks?

Nucleotides = building blocks of nucleic acids. Sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate, and 4 nitrogenous bases make up the building blocks.

<p>Nucleotides = building blocks of nucleic acids. Sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate, and 4 nitrogenous bases make up the building blocks. </p>
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10

What type of bonds hold the phosphate and sugar backbones of DNA in place?

Covalent (strong) Bonds.

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11

What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases of DNA in place?

Hydrogen (weak) Bonds.

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12

What does Chargaff’s Rule say?

C=G and T=A

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13

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Thymine and Cytosine = 1 carbon ring bases.

<p>Thymine and Cytosine = 1 carbon ring bases.  </p>
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14

Which bases are purines?

Adenine and Guanine = 2 carbon ring bases.

<p>Adenine and Guanine = 2 carbon ring bases. </p>
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15

Describe what it means when people say, “DNA is a double helix”

DNA is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder is made of a sugar and a phosphate, and the sides of the ladder is made out of the 4 nitrogenous bases.

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