Special Education Final Exam

#1 Which of the following terms represents the concept of a comparison group?

norm group

#2 When considering norm-referenced testing, which of the following terms refers to the level of mastery of a task whoch the students would correctly answer all items on a test?

basal

#3 Which of the following terms best describes the tests that have detailed procedures for administration, timing, scoring, and interpretation procedures that must be followed precisely to obtain valid and reliable results?

standardized tests

#4 Which of the following is considered a positive aspect of standardized testing?

Standardized tests give teachers instructional guidance

#5 Which of the following terms best describes assessments that report how well students are doing relative to a predetermined performance level on a specified set of educational goals or outcomes included in the school, district, or state curriculum?

Criterion-referenced tests

#6 Which of the following types of assessments involved directly observing and assessing a child in the many environments in which they routinely operate?

Ecological assessment

#7 Ms. Raquel has just taught a unit on two-digit multiplication and plans to give her students an assessment at the end of the week. Which of these terms best describes the type of assessment she will likely administer?

curriculum-based assessment

#8 Mr. Pennington is engaged in assessing the reading fluency of his third-grade students. He is listening to his students read for a period of one minute and marking the number of words read in a minute. He’s been collecting data for a period of 5 weeks for each student and has plotted the results. Which type of assessment best describes mr. pennigton’s assessment process?

curriculum-based measurement

#9 Which of the following assessment styles, while present in practice, has little research evidence to support it’s usefulness?

learning styles assessment

#10 When considering test selection, which of the following pairs of concepts is most useful?

validity and reliability

#11 Ms. Luana is preparing to give her 7th grade class a norm-referenced assessment. The assessment has clear validity and reliability data and the norm referenced group used consisted of a normal distribution of 8-10 year olds. Which of the following represents the flaw in Ms. Luana’s plan?

The norm group for this assessment does not match the age range of Ms. Luana’s students.

#12 Jakeel has just received the results from a recent norm-referenced test. He learns that he has scored in the 91st percentile. How should Jakeel interpret his score?

Jakeel has scored as well as or better than 91% of his peers who also took this assessment.

#13 Which of the following represents a major critique in the field of educational assessment?

Assessments do not usually yield information that leads to the development of an intervention.

#14 Mr. Halifax is interested in developing a measure that captures the demographic data of his students. Which of the following types of scales is Mr. Halifax most likely to use?

Nominal

#15 Which of the following scales would be most appropriate for ranking the socres of the top 10 performers on an academic assessment?

Ordinal

#16 Consider the following 10 tests scores, measured on a scale of 0 to 100:

95, 100, 100, 77, 85, 58, 90, 95, 92, 88

What is the mean for this set of 10 test scores?

88

#17 Consider the following 10 test scores, measured on a scale of 0 to 100:

91, 100, 100, 94, 87, 58, 90, 95, 94, 81

What is the median for this set of 10 test scores?

92.5

#18 Consider the following data sets each containing 10 test scores measured on a scale of 0 to 100:

data set 1: 90, 100, 54, 94, 95, 96, 80

data set 2: 30, 100, 84, 94, 78, 94, 95, 96, 80

Which of these data sets will have the largest variance, and why?

data set 2, because the range of scores is greater

#19 Which of the following describes the standard deviation of a distribution?

The spread of scores around the mean

#20 Which of the following is used to calculate the standard deviation of a distribution?

Variance

#21 In a normal distribution, where do the majority of data points cluster?

The middle of the distribution

#22 A recent grade-level math assessment conducted by the teachers at Fictional Elementary yielded a data set with 100 data points. This dataset had a mean of 94.5. Scores ranged from 22 to 100 on a scale of 0-100. The majority of scores fell below the mean. Given this information, which of the following best describes this distribution?

Positively skewed

#23 In general, individuals with a high IQ tend to perform well academically. Which of the following best describes this correlation?

Positive correlation

#24 Individuals who exercise for increased amounts of time tend to have lower body weights when compared by population. Which type of correlational relationship does this suggest?

negative correlation

#25 Consider the variables “shoe size” and “height”. Suppose a dataset suggested that these variables have a correlation coefficient of .97. Whis of the following is likely true?

The variables “shoe size” and “height” have a strong positive correlation.

#26 Which of the following likely describes the relationship between the day of the week a person is born and their career choices?

No correlation

#27 Which of the following best explains why an error in calculating a child’s chronological age is a significant error?

If a student’s chronological age is miscalculated, faulty scores may be calculated

#28 What is one significant reason why an evaluator should not rely on a child to self-report their age?

The child may not know their age or report it incorreclty

#29 Consider a child born on August 4, 2012 who was tested on September 28, 2020. What would this child’s age be in year, months, and days?

8 years, 1 month, and 24 days

#30 Consider a child born on December 3, 2010 who was tested on November 29, 2019. What would this child’s age be in year, months, and days?

8 years, 11 months, 26 days

#31 Abdul scores in the 87th percentile on a recent academic assessment. Which of the following best describes how Abdul should interpret his score?

Abdul scores as well or better than 87% of his peers who took the exam

#32 Which of the following describes the framework for understanding standard scores?

The normal distribution

#33 Which of the following is a conversion of a student’s raw score on a test to a common scale that allows for a numerical comparison between students?

scaled score

#34 Josie has just received assessment results. On one construct, she sees that the corresponding t-score is a 70. How can Josie interpret this t-score?

Josie scored two standard deviations above the mean on this construct.

#35 Which of the following represents the possible range of scores for a stanine score?

1 to 9

#36 If a t-score has converted z-score of +1, what is the t-score?

60

#37 If a stanine score has converted z-score of 1.0, what is the stanine?

7

#38 Which of the following types of scores best represents a way to compare the performance of a student against all other students in the third grade?

grade equivalent score

#39 Bryce is working on reading fluency as he reads our loud to his teacher. The sentence on the page reads, “The dog hopped over the fence.”; When Bryce reads aloud, he says, “The hopped dog over the fence.” Which of the following terms describes Bryce’s error?

Inversion

#40 Alena is working with her teacher as they read aloud a text. The text reads,”The yellow cat loved to drink milk before bed.” Reading aloud, Alena said, “The car loved to drink milk before bed.” Which of the following terms describes Alena’s error?

Omission

#41 Dr. Donahue is working with Daniel and assessing his reading fluency. Dr. Donahue is keeping a running record, marking the number of errors Daniel makes while reading a passage aloud. Which of the following describes the manner in which Dr. Donahue is analyzing miscues?

Quantitative

#42 Cristina’s class is reading an informational text about the history of the sport of baseball. When they finish, she engages her class in discussion by asking them questions such as, “Who invented baseball?” “When was baseball invented?” What type of comprehension is Cristina checking for?

Literal comprehension

#43 Samuel is a kindergarten student who is just learning to write his name. Which of the following vocabulary words best describes this type of writing?

Manuscript

#44 Junella is a 1st grade student who is extending her handwriting skills as she progresses through the year. Which of the following describes the most likely type of assessment used to assess her handwriting?

Informal assessment

#45 In his writing, Manuel, a 4th grade students often writes “sh” for words that should be spelled with a “ch”. Which of the following best describes this error?

auditory substitution problem

#46 Bonita is a second grade student who has consistent issue with misspelling certain words. For example, she regularly spels the word “the” as “teh” or “hte” Which of the following visual channel deficits may be to blame for this error?

visual memory sequence

#47 Kyle is a fifth grade student with a specific learning disability in mathematics. He still struggles with counting successive numbers from 100 to 200. Which of the following classifications of mathematical abilities best describes Kyle’s issue?

Operations

#48 Gerald is a tenth grade student who is struggling to understand how to construct a proof in his geometry class. Which of the following classifications of mathematical abilities best describe Gerald’s issue?

Content

#49 Juanita is an eleventh grade student who is taking a class in statistics. While she is excelling in many areas of the class, she struggles a great deal with graphic representation of data. Which of the following classifications of mathematical abilities best describe Juanita’s issue?

Applications

#50 Sam is a first grade student who has just been introduces to the concept of subtraction. Sam’s homework problem was to find the answer to 5 minus 3. Sam believes the answer is 8. Which of the following describe the type of error Sam has made?

Incorrect operation

#51 Which of the following assessments is best known for being administered by teachers in classroom settings?

Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills —Revised (CIBS-R)

#52 Which of the following assessments is used in special education to identify academic deficiencies?

Peabody Individual Achievement Test—Revise/Normative Update (PIAT-R/NU)

#53 Which of the following assessments has two independent, parallel forms and is capable of providing error analysis capabilities?

Kaufman Tests of Educational Achievement— 3rd Edition (KTEA-3)

#54 Which of the following assessments is commonly used across a variety of settings, not just school settings?

Wechsler Individual Achievement test— 4th Edition (WIAT-4)

#55 Consider this line from a psychological report: “I believe the results suggest the presence of. a specific learning disability in the area of reading.” Which of the following best describes the error made in this sentence?

The sentence is written in the first-person

#56 Consider this line from a psychological report: “A review of the data shows that Johanna wil score in the 91st percentile in the area of reading.” Which of the following best describes the error made in this sentence?

The discussion of the data is not in the past tense

#57 Janelle just finished writing her first psychological report. She referred to data in the past tense, wrote in the third person, and bolded her headings. The report was 10 pages, double-spaced. What mistake did Janelle make?

Janelle should not double-space her report.

#58 Adrianza is writing his first psychological report. The first paragraph reads as follows: “David. 13-year-old male. Diagnosis: Specific Learning Disability. Results follow, “What major error has Adrianze committed?

The report reads like a telegram when it should be written in complete sentences

#59 The reporting of chronological age is a critical component of a psychological report, especially since many assessments compare normatively based on age. In which section of a report would this be found?

Identifying data

#60 Kamelah is a 7th grade student who has experienced a tumultuous family structure. Her mother passed away when she was still an infant and her father, not a single-father, who works two jobs to provide for Kemelah and her three sisters. Where would this type of information be found in a psychological report?

Background history

#61 Markel us receiving testing due to consistently observed issues in classroom behavior. Where in the report would this information be found?

Reason for referral

#62 Maria’s parents have just learned that her IQ is approximately 100, placing her in a typical range. In what part of the report would this information be found?

Test results

#63 In the model report, review4 Jessica’s performance on the Stanford Achievement Test. What information does this test provide the evaluator?

Jessica seems to struggle significantly in mathematics compared to reading.

#64 When reviewing Jessica’s results of the WIAT-4, what information is learned about her literacy abilities?

Jessica struggled with spelling a word based on meaning, essay writing, and combining sentences

#65 Jessica’s score in word reading, based on the WIAT-4, indicated a standard score of 118 with a percentile of 88. What does this mean?

Jessica performs as well or better than 88% of her peers on this construct

#66 Jessica’s psychological report does not include special education accommodations. Why?

Accommodations and modifications are determined by the IEP team, not the psychologist

#67 Darius and his parents are attending a meeting with the multidisciplinary team in order to learn the results of the psychological assessment. Which member(s) of the multidisciplinary team are likely to share these results?

The special education teacher and the psychologist

#68 Mr. Wilson is a new SPED teacher attending his first meeting where results of a psychological assessment are delivered. He tells the waiting mother, “Your son scored in the 31st percentile on the WIAT-4’s analysis of reading comprehension. What error has Mr. Wilson made in his delivery?

Mr. Wilson has not communicated these results without jargon or field-specific knowledge.

#69 Ms. Troy is a new SPED teacher who has called a parent to set up an appointment in order to review the results of a psychological assessment. She tells the parents, “It does look like your daughter has a disability based on a quick analysis of the results, but don’t worry, we will cover all of this in the meeting.” What mistake has she made?

Ms. Troy should not discuss results over the phone

#70 Mr. Landry is a new SPED teacher who is scheduling a meeting with a parent to discuss a phycological evaluation. He has scheduled 30 minutes for the meeting to take place before school. He’s called the parents and simply told them that the results are available and he would like to meet and discuss everything. What mistake has Mr. Landry made?

Mr. Landry has not allowed for adequate time.

#71 Abdul and his parents have just left his initial evaluation meeting. After leaving, they realize they still have a question about how often Abdul’s related services would be evaluated as listed in his IEP. Abdul’s father called the SPED teacher. How should the SPED teacher answer their question?

IEP’s at a minimum are evaluated annually

#72 Chandler is a student who receives special education services. At his next evaluation transition services will be discussed. For the first time, Chandler has been formally invited to the meeting. Based on this information, which of the following is a probably age for Chandler?

15

#73 Kevin’s special education teacher is currently writing the testing accommodations of his IEP. Kevin has always received an accommodation to have his tests read aloud. Now, though, Kevin’s teacher knows that third grade is an important year, so he is also adding accommodations to allow for extended time. Is Kevin making an appropriate decision?

No. The testing process should be accommodated only to the extent necessary

#74 Josie is a student with reading comprehension skills below the 25th percentile. Which of the following, based on this information, may be suitable accommodation?

Have test directions read-aloud

#75 It is time for Jamal’s triennial evaluation. His special education teacher sent home written notification that Jamal would be reassessed. However, he did not seek written approbval from the parents. Has Jamal’s teacher made a mistake?

No. Triennial reevaluation does not require a new parental release for testing

#76 Abby is about to be evaluated in a triennial evaluation. Which of the following professionals are likely to work on this reevaluation process?

SPED teacher, school psychologist, school nurse

#77 Waylon’s mother has just received notification that he will be fully reevaluated for special education services. This is the first time that Waylon has been fully reevaluated since qualifying for special education services. Based on this information, how long has Waylon received special education services?

three years

#78 Lauren is a special education student who is about to undergo a triennial evaluation process. Which of the following professionals will be in charge of her triennial evaluation checklist?

any professional designates as case manager