Ethnography

Prince Henry the Navigator

Discovered sub-Saharan Africa in 1434.

Christopher Columbus

Discovered America in 1492.

Vasco da Gama

Reached India by sea in 1498.

Valladolid Debate

First human rights debate in 1550.

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Argued that natives were 'natural slaves'.

Bartolome de las Casas

Defended native culture and spent 50 years living among natives.

Lewis Henry Morgan

Proposed stages of cultural evolution.

Functionalism (Bronislaw Malinowski)

Focuses on how social practices fulfill needs like food and shelter.

American Historical Particularism (Franz Boas)

Argues that culture is defined by specific histories, not determined by the environment.

Postmodern Ethnography

Emphasizes the role of key consultants and reflexive ethnography, eliminating androcentrism.

What did the Valladolid Debate discuss?

The first human rights debate.

What is the purpose of functionalism as described by Bronislaw Malinowski?

To show how social practices meet human needs.

What does Lewis Henry Morgan's stages of cultural evolution include?

Civilization, Barbarism, and Savagery.

What is the significance of the work 'Coming of Age in Samoa'?

Written by Margaret Mead, it discusses cultural aspects of maturation.

What did George Murdock contribute to ethnology?

He created the 'Outline of World Cultures'.

Fill in the Blank: The __________ was the first human rights debate in 1550.

Valladolid Debate.

Fill in the Blank: __________ defended native culture and lived among the natives for 50 years.

Bartolome de las Casas.

Fill in the Blank: The stages of cultural evolution proposed by Lewis Henry Morgan include civilization, barbarism, and __________.

savagery.

Fill in the Blank: Bronislaw Malinowski is known for the concept of __________, which involves participant observation.

Functionalism.

What are the three sub-stages of Savagery according to Lewis Henry Morgan?

Upper: Bow and arrow, Middle: Fire or fishing, Lower: Language.