Lab 6: Digestive System, Respiratory System, & Pelvic Vessels
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444 Terms
Human Digestive System
the digestive system can be broken up into two main groups: the alimentary canal and the accessory digestive organs
the alimentary canal (or gastrointestinal tract or GI tract) is one long muscular, hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus (included mouth, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines)
along this path, food is digested and broken down into smaller pieces that can be absorbed through the lining
the accessory digestive organs are the teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
Human Digestive System 2
the five main processes of digestion are ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and enzymatic digestion, absorption, and elimination
both mechanical and enzymatic digestion begins in the mouth
the salivary glands produce the carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme amylase and salivary lipase in addition to saliva to aid in digestion of food particles
Figure 1. Illustration of human mouth
What is number 2?
soft palate
what is number 3?
hard palate
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tongue
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uvula
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palatine tonsil
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upper lip
Figure 2. illustration of human oral cavity
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nasal cavity
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soft palate
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hard palate
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oral cavity
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tongue
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lingual tonsil
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hyoid bone
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trachea
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pharyngeal tonsil
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uvula
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palatine tonsil
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oropharynx
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epiglottis
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laryngopharynx
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esophagus
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upper lip
Figure 3. Illustration of the human digestive system
what is number 1?
parotid salivary gland
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liver
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gallbladder
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pancreas (partially hidden by stomach)
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duodenum (of small intestine)
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ascending colon
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cecum
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appendix
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tongue
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sublingual salivary gland
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submandibular salivary gland
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pharynx
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esophagus
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stomach
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transverse colon
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descending colon
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sigmoid colon
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rectum
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anal canal
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jejunum (of small intestine)
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ileum (of small intestine)
Figure 4. Illustration of the human intestines. the appendix is a small protrusion of the large intestines and is often described as a vestigial organ in humans. note that while the human has an appendix, evolution has discarded it in many animals. such as the cat
what is number 5?
duodenum (of small intestine)
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ascending colon
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cecum
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appendix
what is number 15?
transverse colon
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descending colon
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sigmoid colon
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rectum
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anal canal
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jejunum (of small intestine)
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ileum (of small intestine)
Figure 5. Illustration of the feline digestive system. note that the greater omentum has been removed in order to see the organs that lie beneath
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medial lobe of liver
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gallbladder
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duodenum
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right lateral lobe of liver
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pancreas
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transverse colon
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ascending colon
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ileum
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cecum
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ureter
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urinary bladder
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left lateral lobe of liver
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lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)
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stomach
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gastroplenic ligament
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spleen
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mesocolon
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jejunum
Figure 6. feline digestive system.
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lung
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diaphragm
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gallbladder
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left medial lobe of liver
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right medial lobe of liver
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right lateral lobe
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caudate lobe
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duodenum
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right kidney
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jejunum
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heart
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left lateral lobe of liver
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stomach (pyloric region)
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body of stomach
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spleen
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pancreas
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urinary bladder
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quadrate lobe
Figure 7. Illustration of the major arteries and veins in the feline digestive system
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gallbladder
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hepatic portal vein
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superior mesenteric artery
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anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery
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duodenum
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arcade
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superior mesenteric vein
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colon
