chapter 3 study guide pt 2

Dehydration synthesis

How are polymers synthesized

Hydrolysis

How are polymers broken apart ?

Proteins

Monomers: Amino acids

Example: Glycine, alanine, valine

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Glucose, fructose, galactose

How are monosaccharides linked together?

Glycosidic Bond

Linear, unbranched, found in plants (starch)

Amylose

Branched, found in plants (starch

Amylopectin

Highly branched, found in animals (liver and muscles).

glycogen

exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.

Chitin

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

Phosphodiester Bonds

How are nucleotides linked together? DNA and RNA

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

carboxyl group, amino group, R group, Hydrogen group

What holds two amino acids together?

Peptide bonds

What are alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets?

Hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl oxygen

What is tertiary structures?

Determines the protein's specific function and activity by creating a unique shape.