New Deal

Migrant Mother

iconic 1936 photograph symbolizing the struggles of Dust Bowl Migrants

Eleanor Roosevelt

considered FDR’s legs, worked in settlement houses, battled for improvement and the oppressed.

Father Charles Coughlin

known as the Radio Priest, he criticized FDR for not doing enough to help ordinary Americans, thought he favored banks and businesses too much

Senator Huey Long

Major Critic of FDR who believed in a “Share Our Wealthy Society”

Francis Townsend

physician who proposed old-age pensions; influenced Social Security

John Maynard Keynes

British economist who supported FDR, believed in deficit spending

Election of 1932/1936

FDR elected by a landslide, showed support for New Deal

Dust Bowl

severe drought and dust storms in 1930s, forced farmers to migrate west like Arkies and Okies

Grapes of Wrath (1939)

John Steinbeck’s novel depicting Dust Bowl migrants and their struggles

Of Mice and Men

Steinbeck’s Novella about displaced ranch workers during the Great Depression

Emergency Banking Act

stabilized banking, examined all banks and reopened only those financially sound

Glass-Steagall Banking REform Act (1933)

Seperated commercial and investment banking; created FDIC

Wagner Act

Guaranteed workers right to unionize and bargain collectively

Okies

like Arkies, migrated west after Dust Bowl, lost their land to land drought, dust storms, and economic hardships

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

union organization for industrial workers

Nine Old Men

nickname for Supreme Court Justices targeted by FDR’s Court packing plan

SEC

regulated the stock markets and made sure companies gave investors accurate information

PWA

funded architects, engineers, and skilled workers

CWA

lasted 4 months during winter, provided jobs

WPA

provided jobs for the unemployed, reduced unemployement

NRA

an alliance of business, labor, and the public, regulated production and industry by stimulate recovery

AAA

aimed at raising prices by reducing production, wanted to produce less

TVA

brought electricity to rural areas, flood control

CCC

provided jobs for young men in conservation

SSA

age 65, eligible workers would receive retirement payments funded by payroll taxes, established penion and welfare

Fair Labor Standards Act

established minimum wage and max 40 hour weeks, set child labor laws

20th amendment

changed presidential inauguration date to January 20th

21st amendment

alcohol became legal again, govt could tax it and eliminate cost of enforcement

fireside chats

radio broadcasts by FDR designed to communicate with the American People during the depression

Relief, Reform, Recovery

main goals of FDRs New Deal

alphabet soup

nickname for New Deal Agencies and programs with initials

court packing

plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court in order to secure favorable rulings for New Deal programs

Keynesian Economic Theory

idea that govt should spend during recessions to boost economy

Hundred Days

first months of FDR presidency with rapid New Deal Legislation

American Liberty League

political organization formed by conservative Democrats who opposed the New Deal, wanted to defend private enterprise and individual liberties.