A2 - Microscopy

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17 Terms

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Magnification

M = Image Size / Actual Size

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Image Size

I = Actual size x magnification

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Actual size

A = Image size / magnification

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Scale bar

Indicates the certain length within the image

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Light Microscope

You cannot see organelles of cells

No color

Uses light

up to x2000 magnification

Examine living organisms

Easy specimen preparation

200nm resolution
Inexpensive

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Electron Microscope

You can see organelles

has no color

uses electron beams

up tp x500,000 magnification

Can’t examine living organisms

  • because they will be killed by low frequency of beams

Complex specimen preperation

1nm resolution

Expensive

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Sizes of things in a cell (Decreasing order)

Organelles

Bacteria (some are as large as organelles

Viruses

Membranes

Molecules

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Benefits of Electron Microscopy

Shorter wavelength which increases magnification

2 Types of EM

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SEM (scanning)

Beam of electrons to scan surface tension

You see the surface

No inner structure

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TEM

Transmission

Aim beams of electrons through thin section of specimen

Goes through the cell, inner structure

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Freeze Fracture

Technique employed for viewing of electron microscopy

Freezing biological specimen and then fracturing the specimen to look at 1 specific part

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Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Enable imag to be formed with computer enhancement that shows 3D framework of proteins functioning in cells

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Techniques in light microscopy: fluorescent stains

Dyes that combine with specific cellular components that create ultraviolet or violet blue color that absorb the dye

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Iminofluoresence

Allows greater visibility

Involves antibodies which already have dyes

Specific antibodies with unique color dyes are recognized and combined with target molecule

Often used to detect viral proteins in infected cells

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µm

micro meter

100 micro meter is the smallest thing the human eye can see

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1µm in nanometer

x 1000 = 1µm = 1,000nm

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1mm to µm

x1000 = 1mm= 1,000µm