In what ways did the Popes in the Middle Ages compete with secular rulers?
Popes were the rulers of a kingdom (the Papal States). They had an army. They fought both defensive and offensive wars against rival states.
The Church had a good amount of influence over people & controlled land in every kingdom
Pope Leo X (Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici)
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In what ways did the Popes in the Middle Ages compete with secular rulers?
Popes were the rulers of a kingdom (the Papal States). They had an army. They fought both defensive and offensive wars against rival states.
The Church had a good amount of influence over people & controlled land in every kingdom
Pope Leo X (Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici)
Indulgences
Simony
Nepotism
What motivated the early reformers?
Erasmus
Jan Hus
John Wycliffe
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Charles V
Diet of Worms
4 New ideas that Luther proposed
Peasant’s Revolt
Peace of Augsburg
John Calvin
Predestination
Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
Geneva
Swiss city-state that became a Calvinist theocracy in the 1500s; today a major city in Switzerland
Theocracy
government run by religious leaders
Spread of Calvinism
Sect
subgroup of a major religious group
Beliefs of the Anabaptists
Today, the Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all trace their religious ancestry to here.
Henry VIII of England
Church of England
Book of Common Prayer
Mary Tudor
the next Monarch - ruled for just 5 years - She attempted to restore Catholicism and persecuted Protestants
Elizabethan Settlement
The next Monarch adopted a policy of religious compromise, or acceptable middle ground. She moved cautiously at first but gradually enforced reforms that both moderate Catholics and Protestants could accept.
Council of Trent
a group of Catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the Catholic Church.
Inquisition
To deal with the Protestant threat more directly, Pope Paul strengthened this.
Jesuits
Teresa of Avila
Witch Hunts
Persecutions of Jews
Ghetto