history unit 4 aos 1

why did frontier violence occur?

-        Different laws and culture

-        Reaction to misunderstanding between two

-Resisted dispossession of their land

how many ATSI died on frontier wars according to Reynolds?

30,000

Tasmania Black war

Nicholas Clements “    It was a clash between the most culturally and technologically dissimilar humans to have ever come into contact”

British imposing force

Henry Reynolds : The British would use whatever force was necessary to impose their will, their control of required land and their legal code.

Resistance causing fear and loss

Henry Reynolds “This resistance caused fear and losses among settlers but resulted in far greater devastation for Aboriginal peoples and their communities.

Uphold Nations law

·      Thomas Mayo: “aboriginal warriors were loyal uphold nations law”

Defending their country

“First Nations people were defending their country from invasion acting in accordance with their well-established laws. Defending the heritage, culture and ways of life”

HP natives and furies

George Faithful: the natives rushed upon us like furies with shouts and savage yells”

HP land taken from them

Thomas Fowell Burton

the land has been taken from them without the assertion of any title other than that of superior force”

HI Wounding Phillip 1790

MAYO: ·       The person who threw it a Kadaitcha man, with the lawful and spiritual authority to deliver such ritual justice aimed true, wounding Phillip in the shoulder - Benelong, excerise of power

1816: Massacre

Appin Masacre ordered by gov macqurie - called them hostile natives

1824-1831 War

Black War Tasmania - 878 Palawa dead

1838 Massacre

Myall Creek Massacre - 11 Settlers raped and killed 45 women due to eating lifestock

1838 - reverse

Battle of Broken River 20 aborignals killed 8 settlers

March 1797

Battle of Paramatta - Pemuluwuy led 1000 warriors against armed soldiers and settlers

EVIDENCE - ADAPTATION

• working

• native police

• learning english

• relocation - black war flinders island

HI Station work

·       Richard Broome: Aboriginal people assisted with station work and were given food and goods in return

HI Native police 1837 PPD

Peter Stanley the success of the native police because they used exactly the attributes that aboriginal defenders could use but they were used against Aboriginal defenders”

HI textile factories

·      Peel and Twoney “slaves or overworked children in textile factories were among the notable objects of this new emphasis on protection.”

HP Mornington Peninsula

·       George Mcrae worked in property: Aboriginal people were valued as hardworking, skilled, honest, and trustworthy workers on pastoral stations,

HP Chief Protector

·       George Robinson chief protector : Aborigines were employed in various roles such as shepherds, drivers, guides, and police, valued for their local knowledge and skills

HP Assistant Protector

William Thomas “they can talk more english”

HI epidemic of disease

MAYO “the epidemic of disease was horrific”

HI constitution

MAYO :Indigenous peoples were explicitly written out of it” – no vote or benefits of laws

HI Reserves

Peel and Twoney “

in 1858, a government select committee recommended a system of reserves, having found that the colony's indigenous population, 'being weak and ignorant, even for savages"

Law aboriginal protection

-        Aboriginal Protection Act 1969: regulating residence, employment, custody of children

Law protection board

-        Aboriginal protection Board 1909: aimed to manage Aboriginal peoples on reserves controlling movement, employment, removing children, often not paid

Federation

-        1901 Federation: not included in constitution

-        Excluded from census under section 127

-        Prevented commonwealth government for making laws for aboriginals under section 51

HI VIOLENCE

Richard Broome “ aboriginal people met violence with violence,

“ the fact that settlers won the stuggle for land suggest the frontier was a place of white power”

HI kinship

Broome “The Eora used kinship to manage the strangers. Bennelong befriended the opposing headman Phillip”

exercise of power

march 1888 Palmer river clan attacks strathleven station and tried to burn europeans out

HI LABOUR

Robert Lewis

in return for their labour aboriginal people were given shelter and food and able to stay in traditional tribal areas and maintain tribal ways

black war hi

historian pratt “nowehere was resistance to european colonisation” greater