AP Gov chapter 11

Apportionment

The process by which legislative seats are distributed among states or districts based on population changes, typically occurring after a census.

Bicameralism

The practice of having a legislature divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Bill

A proposed piece of legislation that is under consideration by a legislative body.

Cloture

A parliamentary procedure used in the Senate to end a filibuster and bring a debate to a quick close, requiring the vote of 60 senators.

Conference committee

A temporary joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by both the House and the Senate.

Delegate model of representation

A model of representation in which a legislator makes decisions based on the specific wishes and interests of their constituents.

Descriptive representation

The extent to which a representative resembles their constituents in terms of demographic characteristics such as race, gender, or ethnicity.

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution, such as the power to coin money or declare war.

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to delay or block a vote on a bill by speaking for an extended period of time.

Implied powers

Powers not specifically listed in the Constitution but considered "necessary and proper" for executing the enumerated powers.

Majority Leader

The elected leader of the party that holds the majority of seats in the House or Senate, responsible for scheduling legislation.

Markup

The process by which a congressional committee or subcommittee debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation.

Minority Leader

The elected leader of the party with the second-highest number of seats in the House or Senate.

Oversight

The process by which Congress reviews, monitors, and supervises federal agencies and the implementation of laws.

Politico model of representation

A hybrid model of representation where members of Congress act as either delegates or trustees depending on the political circumstances.

The pork barrel

Legislation that provides funding for local projects intended primarily to benefit a specific representative's district or constituents.

Select committee

A temporary legislative committee established for a specific purpose or limited investigation.

Speaker of the House

The presiding officer of the House of Representatives, chosen by the majority party and second in the line of presidential succession.

Standing committee

A permanent legislative committee that focuses on specific policy areas, such as agriculture or foreign affairs.

Conference committee

A temporary joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by both the House and the Senate.

Delegate model of representation

A model of representation in which a legislator makes decisions based on the specific wishes and interests of their constituents.

Descriptive representation

The extent to which a representative resembles their constituents in terms of demographic characteristics such as race, gender, or ethnicity.

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution, such as the power to coin money or declare war.

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to delay or block a vote on a bill by speaking for an extended period of time.

Implied powers

Powers not specifically listed in the Constitution but considered "necessary and proper" for executing the enumerated powers.

Majority Leader

The elected leader of the party that holds the majority of seats in the House or Senate, responsible for scheduling legislation.

Markup

The process by which a congressional committee or subcommittee debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation.

Minority Leader

The elected leader of the party with the second-highest number of seats in the House or Senate.

Oversight

The process by which Congress reviews, monitors, and supervises federal agencies and the implementation of laws.

Politico model of representation

A hybrid model of representation where members of Congress act as either delegates or trustees depending on the political circumstances.

The pork barrel

Legislation that provides funding for local projects intended primarily to benefit a specific representative's district or constituents.

Select committee

A temporary legislative committee established for a specific purpose or limited investigation.

Speaker of the House

The presiding officer of the House of Representatives, chosen by the majority party and second in the line of presidential succession.

Standing committee

A permanent legislative committee that focuses on specific policy areas, such as agriculture or foreign affairs.