INDUCTIVE-AND-DEDUCTIVE-REASONING

Inductive Reasoning

The process of making general conclusions based on specific examples, often referred to as bottom-up logic.

Deductive Reasoning

A type of logic where one goes from a general statement to a specific instance, often referred to as top-down logic.

Major Premise

The first statement in a syllogism that provides the general rule.

Minor Premise

The second statement in a syllogism that specifies a particular instance.

Syllogism

An argument composed of two premises followed by a conclusion.

Inference

The drawing of conclusions from premises, which can be valid in deductive reasoning.

Logic

The science of correct reasoning.

Observational Evidence

Data collected through observation, used in inductive reasoning.

Conclusion

The final statement that follows from premises in an argument.

General Principle

A broadly accepted rule or law that is applied in deductive reasoning.

Confirmation

The final stage in inductive reasoning, where the inference is tested through further observation.

Pattern

Repeated trends observed in data, which serve as the basis for generalizations in inductive reasoning.

Axiom

A statement accepted as true without proof, often used in deductive reasoning.

Premise

A statement that is assumed to be true and forms the basis of a deductive argument.

Hypothesis

A tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested through observation.

Validity

A property of an argument where the conclusion logically follows from the premises.