Science - Cells and Microscope

Unicellular Organism

An organism consisting of only 1 cell, such as bacteria or Protista.

Multicellular Organism

An organism consisting of many cells, such as animals, plants, and fungi.

Fertilized Ovum

The largest cell in the body, approximatel 0.125mm in size.

Sperm Cell

The smallest cell in the body; its head is only 0.004mm wide, but its tail is about 0.025mm long.

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cells that divide quickly and do not have a particular function yet.

Specialized Cells

Cells that can differentiate into many cell types.

Specialized Cell

A cell that has a specific job to do and has unique structures/features to help them do their job.

Muscle Cell

Long skinny cells that lengthen and shorten to help with movement, containing large numbers of mitochondria.

Nerve Cell

Cells found in the brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs, with long fibers called axons.

Red Blood Cell

Cells found in blood vessels that have no nucleus to carry more oxygen.

Fat Cell

Cells found surrounding all organs and under the skin, used to store energy and provide insulation.

Guard Cell

Cells that work in pairs to open and close the stomata (holes) in leaves to allow gases to enter and leave.

Conducting Cell

Long thin tubes that transport water from the roots to the leaves and food from the leaves to the roots.

Photosynthetic Cell

Cells that contain chloroplasts which absorb the suns light and convert water and CO2 into glucose.

Root Hair Cell

Extensions on the outer surface of the root that increase the amount of surface area in contact with the soil to increase water absorption.

Structural Cell

Cells that provide support to the plant, especially in trunks.

Axon

Very long fibres in nerve cells that carry messages over long distances.

Stomata

Holes in the leaves that open and close to allow gases to enter and leave.

Mitochondria

Organelles contained in muscle cells.

Blastocyst

The stage of the fertilized egg that contains the inner cell mass.

Adjustment knobs (Coarse Focus, Fine Focus)

Located on the side of the frame, used to adjust the focus of the microscope

Arm

Supports upper part of the microscope

Diaphragm

Located on the stage, adjusts the amount of light passing into the slide

Base

The bottom of the microscope, used for support

Light Source

Light or mirror that projects light through the diaphragm

Body Tube

Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses

Stage Clips

Holds the slide in place on the stage

Objectives

The lens or system, of lenses in a microscope that is nearest the object being viewed

Nose piece

Holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to change

Eye Piece

Combination of lenses at the viewing end of optical instruments

Stage

Small platform where the specimen is mounted for examination

How can the total magnification of a two-lens system can be found?

It can be found by multiplying the magnification powers of the objective ocular lens./

10X	40X	?
10X	?	900X
?	120X	1200X

400X, 90X, 10X

What happens to the field of view when the magnification increased

Field view decreases

What happens to the field of view when the magnification decreased

Field view increases