Unit 4 part 2 The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1815)

How did the British pay for the Seven Year's War?

They taxed the American colonists

What did the American colonist's claim of British tax?

They were mad and claimed they were being taxed without representation as they were not represented in the British parliament

What key item was part of the British tax on colonies?

Tea which was imported from India

What happened at the Boston Tea Party?

The colonists destroyed British tea in the Boston Harbor to protest the tea tax

When did the American colonists begin the revolution?

Fought the British for seven years to win freedom

At the end of the American Revolution, what did the colonies declare?

They declared the colonies to be an independent republic with the Declaration of Independence

Why did France help the colonies in the American Revolution?

The Americans needed an ally and France wanted revenge and saw this as a perfect way

What happened in 1781 to British Forces?

The French and Americans trapped them in Yorktown

How did the French and colonists trap British Forces in Yorktown?

The French navy cut off the sea and the colonists cut of the land

What did the Treaty of Paris of change?

It changed the balance of power in North America

What did France's expensive war against Britain (American Revolution) plunge France into?

A serious financial crisis

What did France's financial issue pave the way for?

The French Revolution

What is meant by the old Regime?

European society before the French Revolution

What was the Old Regime dominated by?

French King Louis XVI (sixteenth) and his wife Marie Antoinette of Austria

In the Old Regime, how did Louis the Sixteenth and Marie Antoinette rule?

They ruled as an absolute monarch

What nationality was Louis XVI?

Bourbon

What area did Marie Antoinette come from?

Habsburg

In the old regime, how was France's population divided into?

Three estates, the first second, and third.

What was the first estate?

The clergy, 1% of people owned 10% of the land

During the Old Regime, what did the Catholic Church Bishops and priests dominate?

French life

During the Old Regime what did non-catholic face?

Discrimination including Protestants and Jews

Who was the second estate?

Nobility, 2% of the people owned 25% of the land

What was the third estate?

Commoners, middle class, peasants, city workers

What did the third estate make up in society during the old regime?

They made up 97% of the people but only 65% of the land

What was French society in the Old Regime still overwhelming?

They were still heavily agricultural

In France how much of society were peasants=farmers?

80%

What were the first and second states exempt from?

All taxes

How were women in all estates treated?

As inferior to men and had few legal rights

What did Mary Wollstonecraft push for?

Pushed for women's having in equal education opportunity

What type of labor did France use in its colonies?

African slave labor to grow cash crops

What was one important cause of the French Revolution?

Enlightenment ideas

What was another important cause of the French Revolution?

Social problems increased like rising bread prices, hunger, and employment.

What from the American Revolution led to the French Revolution?

France's fiscal problems like debt from the American Revolution

What did the king try to do to prevent the revolution?

He asked the clergy and nobles nicely to pay taxes

How did the clergy and nobles respond to the king's ask in the Assembly of Notables?

They refused

Due to the nobles refusing the king asking for them to be taxed, what did the king do?

He called the Estates-General

What is the Estates General?

It is made of representatives from all three estates

Why couldn't the Estates General get work done?

Because they couldn't agree where to sit

What was each state's delegate number?

1st and 2nd estate had 300 delegates and 3rd estate 621 generals

Due to frustrations with the Estates General, what did the third estate's representative declare?

They declared themselves the National Assembly

What was the third estate Tennis Court Oath in the National Assembly?

It was a vow to not disband until they had made a constitution for France

Due to the Tennis Court Oath and the National Assembly, what did the king do?

The King had his troops march around doing nothing

What did the king's troop cause?

It caused worry that the French king would put the army on the people

What did Parison commoners do fearing an attack?

They stormed the Bastille to find weapons

What did the National Assembly do the night of August 4-5 1789?

They abolished all noble privileges

What noble privileges were abolished by the National Assembly?

The privilege of not having to pay taxes

What did the National Assembly issue?

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

What was the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?

It was full of enlightenment ideals and it was a declaration of principles that guided the national assembly in their work

What happened in October of 1789?

A women's march to Versailles

What did the women's march to Versailles lead to?

The home arrest of the royal family

When did the French Revolution start?

1789

What did the king do at the Assembly of the Noble before the start of the French Revolution?

He asked nobles and clergy to pay taxes

What phase was the National Assembly?

The liberal phase of the revolution

How was France organized in the early phase of the revolution?

France was divided into 83 departments of roughly equal size

What did the 83 departments or states answer?

Paris

What did the 83 departments answering to Paris create?

It created a unitary system

Who had complete control of the unitary system?

Paris had complete control of the departments and the department took order from them

What did the National Assembly do in June of 1790?

The abolished all titles of nobility

WHat did the CIvil Constitution of the Clergy nationalize?

the Catholic Church

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

Not a constitution instead a civil makeup of clergy

Before the CIvil Constitution of Clergy where did clergy answer?

The Roman Catholic church

Now with the CIvil Constitution of Clergy who did the clergy answer to?

The clergy were now employees of the French government with local priest being elected

What happened to priests who refused to taking a loyalty oath to their government?

They could be arrested

What did the National Assembly guarantee relating to religion?

It guaranteed the religious toleration to protestants and Jews in French

What did the King and his family try to do that became known as the Flight to Varennes?

They tried to flee the country but got caught

After the failed escape what did Louis have to do?

He and his family had to return to Paris

When did the French pass a constitution and became a constitutional monarchy?

September of 1791

WHat was held to find new Parliament representatives?

Elections

Who was excluded from the ability to vote and hold office?

Women and non-property owning men were excluded from voting and holding office

What happened in response to women not being able to hold office or vote?

Olympe de Gouges wrote her Declaration of the Rights of Women

What did Olympe de Gouge's Declaration of the RIghts of women argue?

It argued that women is born free and remains equal to men's rights

Why did the New Legislative Assembly have all new representatives?

Because no one who served in the national assembly was allowed to serve in the legislative assembly

Those on the right side of the New Legislative Assembly chamber believe what about the revolution?

They believed that the revolution was complete

What did those on the left side of the chamber believe about the revolution?

They believed that the revolution was just getting started

What did the disagreement between the left and right sides of the Legislative assembly lead to the origin of?

Left and rights in politics

What does it mean to be on the right side of politics?

You are satisfied with how things are

What does it mean if you are on the left side of politics?

You feel like more change is needed

How did many clergy and nobles react to the revolution?

They hated the revolution and fled to the German states

How were clergy and nobles who fled to Germany referred to?

Emigres or people that left Franche were the clergy and nobles.

What did emigres plot?

They plotted a comeback to invade France

What did French nobles who were emigres organize?

An emigre army in the hope they could retake France

What did the French Legislative Assembly preemptively declare war on?

Austria with Prussia soonly joined as its ally

What preemptive war began?

It was the beginning of 33 years of war in Europe

What did the 33 years of war in Europe lead to?

It left 5 million dead

What did the Prussians do in 1792?

The Prussians advanced in summer threatening to level Paris

Who was the Duke of Brunswick?

A general of Prussia's army that issued the Brunswick manifesto

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

It was a declaration to the people of Paris to scare them into submission

What was the Brunswick Manifesto due to the attitude of the people of Paris?

It re-energized the people of Paris

What happened on August 10, 1792?

There was a bloody coup in Pairs that overthrew the government

What happened in August/September of 1792?

The new government rounded up over 1,000 people and arrested them

Who mostly consisted of the 1,000 people rounded up?

Clergy and royals

What is the fifth column?

A group of people in a country that is sympathetic to the enemy and might rise at any moment

What was the September Massacre/

It was when over 1,000 prisoners were brutally butchered

What did the political club the Jacobin do?

Took over the government

What political side was the Jacobin Club?

Left

What did the Jacobins do due to the monarchy?

They declared the monarchy abolished and France a republic

What did the Jacobins establish?

A new flag with blue white and red

What did the blue white and red of the France flag represent?

Liberty, equality, and fraternity

What did the Jacobins call for?

New elections with universal manhood suffrage

What did the universal manhood suffrage mean?

All adult males would be allowed to vote