HS.Bio.10 Mendelian Genetics w/ meiosis

Genetics

the scientific study of how genes are passed from parents to offspring

Trait

specific characteristic of an individual

Gene

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from the parent to offspring

Allele

one of different forms of a gene represented by a letter ( Example: A or a)

Gamete

sex cell ( Sperm/ Egg)

Homozygous

having two identical alleles for a particular gene ( Example: AA or aa)

Heterozygous

having two different alleles for a particular gene ( Example: Aa)

Phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism. Two alleles put together.

Dominant

an allele that is more powerful and can mask the other type of allele ( represented as a capital letter)

Recessive

an allele that can be masked by the other type of allele ( represented by a lower case letter)