AP Psychology - Unit 1 Progress Check Review

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular formation

At six months of age, Byrne underwent the surgical removal of the entire left hemisphere of her brain. Which of the following concepts explains the recovery of her primary functions following such surgery? 

Brain plasticity

A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the

area of the hypothalamus

Johanna, a high school senior, starts experiencing disruptions in her movement when she cannot contract certain muscles. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely involved in this disruption of the muscle contraction?

Acetylcholine

The graph depicts which of the following?

The process of neural transmission

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain’s ability to form new memories in the

Hippocampus

When Alexus traveled to another country, she experienced jet lag and had trouble adjusting to the new time zone. Alexus’ experience is most likely linked to which of the following concepts?

Circadian rhythm

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

Sleep apnea

The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies?

Nature versus nurture

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

digesting food

The following item refers to a snake frightening Ted.

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.

Which of the brain structures is most closely associated with Ted’s fear response?

Amygdala

Which scenario best exemplifies the theory of natural selection?

A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation.

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are best identified as which of the following concepts?

reuptake inhibitors

Betty was just diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which of the following effects is she most likely to experience?

Neural messages will travel slowly down the axon, leading to motor impairment.

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

electroencephalography (EEG)

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

The occipital lobe

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

Which of the following findings provides the strongest evidence for the role of heredity in intellectual performance?

Identical twins reared apart have more similar intelligence test scores than do fraternal twins reared together.

Shao Mae takes medication to relieve depression. The medication increases her neural activity. However, immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation for a short time. Which of the following describes the brief time period when the neuron is unable to fire?

The Refractory period

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by which of the following?

sensory neurons

A research study seeks to examine the influence of REM sleep disruption on memory and attention. To investigate this, researchers gather a representative sample of healthy participants ages 18 to 40 years old with no prior history of sleep disorders or psychiatric conditions. They give each participant a baseline cognitive functioning test. The participants are housed in a sleep research lab for the duration of the study where they have their REM sleep disrupted multiple times each night. Following a three-week period of REM sleep disruption, participants will repeat the initial cognitive assessments to evaluate changes in performance. Which of the following research methods is being used in this study?

An experiment

Researchers at a local veteran’s hospital wanted to explore the impact of traumatic brain injuries on veteran’s ability to sleep. Which of the following would the researchers use if they wanted to see the brain activity in a particular area of the brain as the veteran’s were sleeping?

fMRI

REM sleep, generally an “active” state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics?

Lowered muscle tone