Key Concepts in Behavioral Psychology

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/37

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

38 Terms

1
New cards

Behavioral Perspective

Focuses on observable behaviors and how they're learned through interaction with the environment.

2
New cards

Classical Conditioning

Learning through associations between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

3
New cards

Associative Learning

Learning that involves connecting two events, like in classical or operant conditioning.

4
New cards

Acquisition

The initial stage of learning when a response is first established and strengthened.

5
New cards

CC Parts (UCS, UCR, CS, CR)

UCS: Naturally triggers a response. UCR: Natural reaction to the UCS. CS: Previously neutral, now triggers a response after association. CR: Learned response to the CS.

6
New cards

Extinction

The weakening of a conditioned response when the CS is no longer paired with the UCS.

7
New cards

Spontaneous Recovery

The sudden reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time.

8
New cards

Stimulus Discrimination

Learning to respond differently to similar stimuli.

9
New cards

Stimulus Generalization

Responding the same way to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

10
New cards

Higher-Order Conditioning

When a CS is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second CS.

11
New cards

Counterconditioning

Replacing an unwanted response with a desired one through conditioning.

12
New cards

Taste Aversion

A strong dislike for a food due to association with illness, even after one experience.

13
New cards

One-Trial Learning

Learning that happens after just one pairing of a stimulus and response.

14
New cards

Biological Preparedness

The idea that some associations are learned more easily due to evolution.

15
New cards

Habituation

Decreasing response to a repeated stimulus over time.

16
New cards

Operant Conditioning

Learning through rewards (reinforcements) and punishments.

17
New cards

Law of Effect

Behaviors followed by positive outcomes are more likely to recur, and vice versa.

18
New cards

Positive Reinforcement

Adding something desirable to increase a behavior.

19
New cards

Negative Reinforcement

Removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior.

20
New cards

Positive Punishment

Adding something unpleasant to decrease a behavior.

21
New cards

Negative Punishment

Taking away something desirable to decrease a behavior.

22
New cards

Primary Reinforcer

A natural, biological reward like food or water.

23
New cards

Secondary Reinforcer

A learned reward, like money or praise.

24
New cards

Shaping

Gradually guiding behavior toward a desired outcome through reinforcement.

25
New cards

Instinctive Drift

The tendency for animals to revert to instinctual behaviors, even after conditioning.

26
New cards

Superstitious Behavior

Repeating actions that are mistakenly believed to cause a desired outcome.

27
New cards

Learned Helplessness

When an individual believes they have no control over their situation, leading to passive behavior.

28
New cards

Continuous vs. Partial Reinforcement

Continuous: Rewarding a behavior every time it occurs. Partial: Rewarding only some occurrences, leading to stronger, more persistent behaviors.

29
New cards

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

Reinforcement after a set number of responses (e.g., every 5th response).

30
New cards

Variable-Ratio Schedule

Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses (e.g., gambling).

31
New cards

Fixed-Interval Schedule

Reinforcement after a set amount of time (e.g., weekly paycheck).

32
New cards

Variable-Interval Schedule

Reinforcement at random time intervals, producing a steady response rate.

33
New cards

Social Learning Theory

Learning by observing and imitating others' behaviors.

34
New cards

Vicarious Conditioning

Learning through observing the consequences of others' behaviors.

35
New cards

Modeling

Learning by watching and copying others' actions.

36
New cards

Insight Learning

Sudden realization or 'aha' moment leading to problem-solving.

37
New cards

Latent Learning

Learning that isn't immediately shown until there's motivation to demonstrate it.

38
New cards

Cognitive Map

A mental representation of a physical environment or spatial layout.