Statistical Tests Flashcards

Flashcards to review statistical tests, assumptions, requirements, and steps.

What type of data is required for Pearson's r?

Interval/Ratio data

Does Pearson's r need to be linear?

Yes, it tests for a linear relationship.

What type of variable is needed for Point-Biserial Correlation?

One Dichotomous variable and One Continuous Variable

What conditions are needed to conduct a point-biserial correlation?

Normal Distribution and Homogeneity of Variance

What is Spearman's rho used for?

Ordinal or Non-Normal Interval Data with a monotonic relationship

What type of data is required for the Chi-Square test?

Categorical (nominal) data

What is the Chi-Square test of Homogeneity used for?

Compares distributions of a categorical variable across two or more independent groups.

What is the Chi-Square test of Independence used for?

Tests whether two categorical variables are statistically independent.

What is a requirement concerning Expected Frequency in each cell for Chi-Square tests?

Expected frequency ≥ 5 per cell

What is the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test used for?

Tests if an observed frequency distribution matches an expected distribution.

What is one requirement of categories for the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit test?

Categories are mutually exclusive

What is the purpose of an independent samples t-test?

Used to determine if two unrelated (independent) groups have significantly different means.

What are some required assumptions for an independent samples t-test?

Groups are independent, the dependent variable is continuous and normally distributed in each group, and there's equal variance across groups.

What is the purpose of a dependent samples t-test?

Used to determine if the mean difference within the same group (measured twice or matched) is significant.

What is a key assumption for a dependent samples t-test?

Differences between paired observations are normally distributed

What type of data is appropriate for the Mann-Whitney U test?

Ordinal or continuous dependent variable

Under what condition is the Mann-Whitney U test appropriate?

When you have two independent groups

What are the key characteristics of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test?

Paired or matched samples, Data is at least ordinal, Differences between pairs are symmetrically distributed

What is the Kruskal-Wallis H-test used for?

Comparing medians meaningfully when distributions of the groups have the same shape

What is the purpose of One-Way ANOVA?

Compare means across groups

What is a primary assumption of One-Way ANOVA?

The dependent variable is normally distributed in each group and has homogeneity of variances

What is the purpose of Two-Way ANOVA?

To analyze the effects of two categorical independent variables (factors) on one continuous dependent variable.

What is a key requirement for Two-Way ANOVA design?

Sufficient sample size in each group formed by all combinations of factor levels