Unit 5 Part 2

deinstitutionalization

moving people with psychological or developmental disabilities from highly structured institutions to home- or community-based settings

evidence based intervention

a treatment that has been found to be effective on the basis of valid and reliable research studies

biomedical approach

focuses on biological causes and medical treatment; offers medications and other biological treatments that act directly on a person's physiology

psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Eclectic approach

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

meta analysis

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

therapeutic alliance

a relationship between client and therapist that is caring, genuine, and empathetic

positive expectations

the belief that things can and will get better through therapy

cultural humility

which involves striving to understand and respect different cultural groups values, beliefs, and traditions

group therapy

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

Nonmalefience

do no harm

fidelity

establish and maintain trustworthy relationships with clients, colleagues, and the public

integrity

honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness

respect for people's rights and dignity

Psychologists respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination.

free association

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

dream analysis

the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams

interpretations

a psychoanalytic method that uses suggestions of underlying wishes, feelings, and conflicts

unconscious

influences on the mind

Person centered therapy

a nondirective insight therapy based on the work of Carl Rogers in which the client does all the talking and the therapist listens

token economy

a form of behavior therapy in which clients are given "tokens" for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards

aversion therapy

A behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

biofeedback

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension

Cognitive triad

negative thoughts about self, world, and the future

cognitive restructuring

a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

A treatment often used for borderline personality disorder that incorporates both cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness elements.

hynosis

state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion

psychoactive medications

used to treat psychological disorders

anti-anxiety drugs

drugs used to treat and calm anxiety reactions, typically minor tranquilizers

Antidepressants

drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters in the brain (serotonin)

Mood Stabilizers

drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders (lithium)

Antipsychotic medications

Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia (dopamine)

tardive dyskinesia

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

deep brain stimulation

electrical stimulation applied through surgically implanted electrodes; used to treat severe cases of depression

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

electrified coil placed very near the skull delivers and electric shock to a specific area of the brain

What is Person-Centered Therapy?

Person-Centered Therapy is a type of therapy that helps people grow and heal by focusing on their needs and feelings, developed by Carl Rogers.

What is Classical Conditioning?

learning by connection.

What is Operant Conditioning?

Operant Conditioning is learning where behaviors are influenced by rewards or penalties.